On the morphology and growth of electrochemically polymerized polypyrrole |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;2. College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;3. Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan;1. School of Science, North University of China, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030051, PR China;2. MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, PR China;3. Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080 PR China;1. Department of Engineering Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China;2. Department of Building and Construction, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong;1. Low Dimensional Materials Research Centre, Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Khalid University, PO Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Samples of polypyrrole p-toluene sulfonate have been prepared by electrochemical polymerization from aqueous and methanolic solutions. The morphology and molecular ordering have been studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, polarizing optical microscopy and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Specimens prepared from aqueous solution develop as compact films, which exhibit considerable molecular anisotrophy; cross-sections are highly birefringent and the local molecular orientation is found to correlate with the nodular surface features. Transmission electron microscopy also reveals evidence of supermolecular ordering within the films, which is consistent with the optical observations. Samples prepared from methanolic solutions appear very different: no evidence of molecular anisotropy or internal subdivision has been observed. These films are massively voided as a result of extensive internal delamination, which occurs after the polypyrrole is deposited onto the work electrode. On the basis of the observed morphologies, modes of growth are proposed, based upon polymerization in solution followed by a degree of further chain development after precipitation. |
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