基于Meta分析的黑龙江省水稻水土肥资源协同优化调配

水稻灌溉水量、氮肥和种植面积的高效管理有助于提升农业经济效益，提高资源利用效率和改善生态环境。以黑龙江省13个市（区）为研究区域，利用Meta分析量化不同灌溉方式和施氮量对水稻产量和温室气体（CO2、CH4、N2O）排放的影响，并建立水肥生产函数。在此基础上，以经济效益、温室气体排放量、水肥利用效率为目标函数构建多目标优化模型，以优化分配各地区的水肥资源，调整水稻种植面积。优化结果表明：控制灌溉和施加氮肥不同程度影响产量和温室气体排放，优化后水稻种植面积减少3.76%，水利用效率提高18.4%，灌溉水量均值为4513.54m3/hm2，氮肥施用量减少11%，氮肥利用效率提高32%，氮肥施用量均值为100kg/hm2;经济效益增加8.1%，温室气体排放降低10.6%。本模型可以量化表征区域尺度基于控制灌溉的水肥施用与产量及温室气体排放的响应关系，协同优化稻田水土肥资源最佳配比，平衡经济、温室气体排放和资源利用效率，有助于黑龙江省水稻不同目标间的水肥资源优化和种植面积调整，促进农业可持续发展，可为水稻水土肥资源优化与管理提供参考。

Synergistic and Optimal Allocation of Water, Land and Fertilizer Resources of Rice in Heilongjiang Province Based on Meta-analysis

Efficient management of irrigation water, nitrogen fertilizer and planting area of rice is helpful to improve agricultural economic efficiency, resource utilization efficiency and ecological environment. Taking 13 cities (districts) in Heilongjiang Province as the study area, Meta analysis was used to quantify the effects of different irrigation methods and nitrogen application rates on rice yield and greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O),and the water-fertilizer production function was established. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization model was established with economic benefit, greenhouse gas emission and water and fertilizer utilization efficiency as objective functions to optimize the allocation of water and fertilizer resources in different regions and adjust the rice planting area. The results showed that controlled irrigation and application of nitrogen fertilizer had different effects on yield and greenhouse gas emissions. After optimization, rice planting area was reduced by 3.76% and water use efficiency was increased by 18.4%, the amount of irrigation was 4513.54m3/hm2. The nitrogen application rate was reduced by 11%, and the nitrogen use efficiency was increased by 32%, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied was 100kg/hm2. Economic benefits were increased by 8.1%, and environmental pollution was decreased by 10.6%. The model can quantify the response of controlled irrigation based water and fertilizer application to yield and greenhouse gas emissions at regional-scale, synergistically optimize water-land-fertilizer resource allocation in rice paddies, balance economics, greenhouse gas emissions, and resource efficiency, it was helpful to optimize water and nitrogen resources and adjust planting area between different targets of rice in Heilongjiang Province, so as to promote sustainable agricultural development. It can provide reference for the optimization and management of soil, water and fertilizer resources of rice.