中国绿色服务政策演进、协同及文本内容分析

绿色服务作为促进绿色产业专业化、高端化、规范化发展的综合性服务业,是保障绿色产业持续健康发展的重要支撑。本文以《绿色产业指导目录》为依据,全面梳理1986年以来我国中央政府颁布的各类绿色服务政策,从政策演进、政策主体关系、文本类型、政策工具结构等方面对我国绿色服务政策进行量化分析。研究发现:(1)我国中央政府颁布的绿色服务政策数量及总力度都越来越大,绿色服务政策的制定已经渡过探索期,进入高质量发展的政策体系全面形成阶段;(2)政策主体牵涉广泛,部际合作现象明显且合作模式较为固定,整体上部际合作增强但又呈现出阶段性的发展特征;(3)政策类型多种多样,但不同形式的政策文件分布不均,多通知、公告类低效力文件,缺乏高效力文件;(4)政策客体结构较为完整,但行业分布不平衡;(5)总体上政策工具类型逐渐多样化,但过度重视管理,供给型、环境型、需求型三大政策工具间存在一定程度的失衡,具体表现为重环境,轻供给和需求。本文建议,应进一步加强部际协调和有效合作,平衡政策工具结构和政策的行业分布,完成绿色服务政策由量到质的升级发展。

Evolution, Coordination and Textual Content Analysis of China's Green Service Policy

The reform of China''s natural protected area system is at a critical period. The privately protected areas (PPA) is a new type of protection mode that uses the social welfare forces. The PPA is supervised by the government, and managed by the non government organization and coordinated with the protection and development. It attaches great importance to the role of social public welfare forces in the construction of nature reserves, and can supplement the shortage of funds, technologies and manpower in existing protected areas, and fill the gap in China''s current protection system. This paper discusses the connotation of PPA, analyzes the characteristics of current PPA. Moreover, the operation management mechanism of PPA at home and abroad are elaborated, including land rights, protection mechanism based on the conservation concession agreement, the implementation of the franchise in the protected area, and the successful experience of community protection mode. The social welfare forces should be encouraged to participate in the construction of PPA in China. Protection and public welfare should be prioritized. Moreover, the government should promote the transformation of management system, determine the boundary of PPA scientifically and develop the supervision and reward mechanism for commonweal organizations participation in PPA construction.