某军校学员近视状况及其危险因素的现况研究

目的：观察某军校学员视力不良的分布状况，分析影响视力的因素．方法：对１～５年级学员分层随机抽样调查２５０人，采用访问方式填写调查表．结果：学员中近视率６２．８％，男学员６２．２％，女学员６３．６％；现近视率（６２．８％）明显高于入学时（４６．４％，Ｐ＜０．０１）．单因素分析表明近视与缺乏体育锻炼（ＯＲ＝２．０６，Ｐ＝０．０１７８），一次性过量阅读（ＯＲ＝１．９１，Ｐ＝０．０１６３），长时间观看影视节目（ＯＲ＝２．５８，Ｐ＝０．００４４），持续性近距离用眼（ＯＲ＝２．７４，Ｐ＝０．０００３）四种因素相关．其中，缺乏体育锻炼这一因素尚未见报道．结论：与对同一学校８５年视力分布状况的报道相比，学员近视率似有增高趋势．现近视率较入学时有明显增高，可能主要与上述四种因素相关．

A cross sectional study on the prevalence and risk factors of myopia of students in a military university

Objective: To observe the distribution of myopia in students of a military university and to analyze the risk factors of visual acuity. Methods: Two hundred and fifty students selected by probability sampling from the 1st to 5th grades were investigated by interview. Results: The prevalence rate of myopia was 62.8% in all subjects, 62.2% in males, 63.6% in females. The current prevalence rate (62.8%) was higher than that (46.4%) when the students were enlisted in ( P <0.01). Single factor analysis showed myopia was related with insufficient out door exercises (OR=2.06, P=0.0178), overreading (OR=1.91, P=0.0163), long time watching TV or other visual materials (OR=2.58, P=0.0044), and near work (OR=2.74, P=0.0003). Among them, the risk factor of insufficient out door exercises had not ever been reported. Conclusion: Compared with the distribution of myopia in the same military university in 1985, the prevalence of myopia in students shows an acsending tendency. The current prevalence rate is higher than that when students were enlisted in, which may result from the four risk factors above.