深冷处理改善高速钢性能及其机理研究

深冷处理是一种有效的热处理工艺方法，通过深冷处理后，能够比较显著地改善材料的力学性能和较大幅度地提高工件的使用寿命。深冷处理工艺在金属材料领域的应用已经越来越广泛。研究表明，深冷处理不仅可以使残余奥氏体减少，而且还可以细化马氏体孪晶，促使纳米级碳化物的析出，并附着在马氏体孪晶带上。深冷处理不仅可以提高材料的硬度，也能够使材料的韧性略有增加。经过深冷处理，能够有效促使残留奥氏体向马氏体转变，并且析出超微细碳化物，可以获得比较好的综合力学性能，显著提高高速钢刀具的使用寿命。本文介绍了深冷处理工艺的特点和它的发展情况，阐述了深冷处理工艺对高速钢材料的影响，并展望了深冷处理工艺的发展前景。

Study on Improving the Performance of High Speed Steel by Deep Cryogenic Treatment and its Mechanism

Deep Cryogenic Treatment as an effective means of heat treatment, which can enhance the performance and the service life of industrial metal materials. More and more attention is paid to this special heat treatment process. The results show that deep cryogenic treatment can not only reduce retained austenite, but also fine martensite twins and let to precipitate carbide with nan＊meter size at martensite twins. Both hardness and toughness of the steel are increased after deep cryogenic treatment. After deep cryogenic treatment, the retained austenite can be transformed into martensite and the fine carbides can be precipitated, bringing better comprehensive mechanical properties to the tools. The service life of high speed steel tools af- ter subzero treatment is prolonged obviously. The features and development of cryogenic treatment were described. The effects of the cryogenic treatment on the wear resistance of High Speed Steel were discussed. The development prospect and direction of the cryogenic treatment technique were presented.