马鞍山地区3591例新生儿出生缺陷临床分析

目的探讨新生儿出生缺陷的发生情况、种类及相关因素，为出生缺陷的预防工作提供一定的依据。方法回顾分析马鞍山市妇幼保健院2007～2013年新生儿出生缺陷发生情况、变化趋势、顺位特点及转归。结果2007～2013年我院产科共出生22889例新生儿，其中有出生缺陷359例，出生缺陷发生率为15．68‰，近年有增高趋势。出生缺陷顺位依次为肢体畸形22.6％、先天性心脏病16.7％、神经管畸形13.4％、消化系统畸形10％、唇腭裂9.2％。孕妇年龄大于35岁的出生缺陷发生率较高，农村出生缺陷发生率明显高于城市。出生缺陷患儿中活产150例（41.8％），治疗性引产及死胎共209例（58.2％），其中最多的是先天性心脏病47例（22.5％），其次神经系统畸形45例（21.5％）。结论出生缺陷的发生有增高趋势，积极采用三级预防措施，降低新生儿期出生缺陷发生率，尤其是预防先天性心脏病，神经管畸形的发生，进一步提高出生人口素质。

Clinical analysis on 359 neonates with birth defects

Objective： To investigate the incidence, type and related factors of birth defects in order to provide a basis for the prevention of birth defects. Methods： The incidence, trends, characteristics and overall outcome of birth defects were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from 2007 to 2013. Results： A total of 22 889 neonates were born in obstetrical department of the hospital from 2007 to 2013, and 359 neonates were found with birth defects, the incidence rate of birth defects was 15.68%o, there is an increasing tendency in recent years. The incidence rate of limb deformities ranked the top place, accounting for 22.6% of the total number of cases with birth defects, followed by congenital heart diseases （16.7%） , neural tube defects （13.4%） , gastrointestinal malformations （10%） and cleft lip and palate （9.2%） . Pregnant women older than 35 years have a higher incidence of birth defects, and birth defects in rural areas were significantly higher than the city. Among the cases with birth defects, the neonates of 150 cases were alive （41.8%） ; 209 cases were diagnosed as therapeutic abortion and stillbirth, including 47 cases （22.5%） with congenital heart diseases which ranked the top place, followed by neurological abnormalities in 45 （21.5%） . Conclusion： Birth defects have an increased trend. In active use three preventive measures to reduce the incidence of birth defects in the newborn period, especially in the prevention of congenital heart disease and neural tube defects, and further improve the quality of births.