水性超薄膨胀型防火涂料的制备与性能研究

以水性乳液为基体，化学膨胀与物理膨胀相结合的阻燃膨胀体系，其中聚磷酸铵（APP）、 三聚氰胺（ MEL）、双季戊四醇（ DPE）为化学膨胀体系，可膨胀石墨（ EG）、石英纤维为物理膨胀体系，制备水性超薄膨胀型防火涂料。考察了基体类型、膨胀阻燃体系配比对水性防火涂料防火性能的影响。结果表明，聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液与纯丙乳液质量为比 1∶1时， APP/MEL/DPE的质量比为 10∶6∶5，EG与石英纤维的用量均为 3%时，制备的防火涂料涂层受热膨胀效果显著，与基材附着力好，强度高，机车地板结构耐火时间达到 60 min，满足 HG/T5367. 4—2020对结构件的防火要求；有助于实现轨道交通车辆结构防火的更高要求，完成进口产品在轨道交通行业的国产化替代。

Study on Preparation and Property of Waterborne Ultrathin Intumescent Fire Retardant Coatings

A waterborne ultrathin intumescent fire retardant coatings was prepared based on aqueous latex through the mechanism of chemical intumescence and physical expansion.Ammonium polyphosphate(APP),melamine(MEL)and pentaerythritol(DPE)were used as chemical intumescence systems,and expandable graphite(EG)and silica fibers were used as physical expansion system. The effects of matrix type and intumescence flame retardant system composition on the properties of waterborne fire retardant coatings were investigated. The results showed that when the latex composed of polyvinyl acetate and pure acrylic latex at a mass ratio of 1∶1,APP/MEL/DPE system at a mass ratio of 10∶6∶5,EG/high silica fiber was 1∶1(where EG 3%,silica fiber 3%),the coatings provided excellent intumescent effect. The fire retardant time of locomotive floor structure could be up to 60 min,which met the fire protection requirements of HG/T5367. 4-2020 for structural parts,and benefited to even higher requirements for fire protection of rail transit vehicles structures,and realized the localization of imported products in rail transit industry.