铜、镉胁迫下施硫肥和有机肥对冬小麦碳氮运转的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了铜、镉胁迫条件下施硫和有机肥对冬小麦碳氮运转的影响。结果表明,与各自对照相比,铜、镉胁迫下低施硫和有机肥的处理增加了小麦叶片、茎鞘、颖壳穗轴等营养器官花前贮藏物质、氮素的再运转量和运转率以及营养器官花前贮藏物质、氮素的总再运转量和总运转率,高施硫和有机肥的铜、镉处理则规律性不明显。在铜、镉胁迫条件下,施用硫肥和有机肥处理增加了小麦成熟期籽粒重和花后光合同化物输入籽粒量以及籽粒氮素含量和花后氮素积累量。与各自对照相比,铜胁迫下施硫和有机肥的处理与镉胁迫下低施硫和有机肥的处理增加了成熟期小麦的穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,提高了籽粒产量,其中以T\-5处理增产幅度最大;镉胁迫下高施硫和有机肥的处理则变化不大。铜、镉胁迫下低施硫和有机肥的处理均增加了籽粒淀粉含量,而高施硫和有机肥的铜、镉处理则未表现出此规律。此外,铜、镉胁迫下施硫和有机肥的各处理增加了籽粒蛋白质的含量。

Effects of Sulfur and Organic Fertilizer Fertilizations on Carbon and Nitrogen Transport in Winter Wheat under Copper and Cadmium Stresses

A hydroponic experiment was conducted to study the effects of sulfur and organic fertilizer fertilization on carbon and nitrogen transport in winter wheat under copper and cadmium stresses.The results showed that under copper and cadmium stresses sulfur and organic fertilizer fertilization increased the amounts of re-transported storage matter and nitrogen and the rate of transported storage matter and nitrogen in the leaves,leaf sheaths,glumes and spike stalks of wheat and the total amounts of re-transported storage matter and nitrogen and the total rates of transported storage matter and nitrogen in winter wheat before flowering compared with their own controls and the fertilizations with high sulfur and organic fertilizer rates did not presented a remarkable regular effect.Under copper and cadmium stresses sulfur and organic fertilizer fertilizations increased the kernel weight at the maturing stage,the amounts of the photosynthates and assimilates transported into the kernels and the nitrogen contents in the kernels after flowering and the amounts of accumulated nitrogen after flowering.Compared with their own controls,sulfur and organic fertilizer fertilizations under copper stress and the fertilizations at low sulfur and organic fertilizer rates under cadmium stress increased the spike numbers,kernel numbers per spike and the 1 000-kernel weights of wheat at the maturing stage thus raising the yields of wheat and the highest yield increment appeared in treatment T_5;under cadmium stress,the fertilizations at high sulfur and organic fertilizer rates did not result in great changes in wheat.Under copper and cadmium stresses,all the fertilizations at low sulfur and organic fertilizer rates increased the starch contents in the kernels and the fertilizations at high sulfur and organic fertilizer rates did not show this effect.In addition,various sulfur and organic fertilizer fertilizations increased the protein contents in the kernels.