生化需氧量在线测定技术及其应用

生化需氧量（BOD）是反映环保领域可生化性有机物污染程度的重要指标,也是生化污水处理厂衡量污水状态的重要指标.生化需氧量的实验室测量耗时长、操作复杂,无法及时反映水体的污染状况.化学需氧量（COD）和总有机碳（TOC）被用来作为BOD的替代指标,但二者无法反映污水的可生化性,同时COD也会造成二次污染.近年来,一些新的测量方法也被用来缩短BOD测量时间,但由于其作用机理而不适合在线监测.呼吸计量法可通过测量和计算氧气消耗速率从而将氧气消耗与生物质生长和底物消耗直接相关联,从而实现BOD的在线监测.呼吸计量法的在线BOD监测设备已成功用于国外污水处理厂的流程控制,实现了节能减排的功效.在现有在线BOD监测设备的基础上,提出并初步探讨了利用微生物载体取代活性污泥作为测量介质以提高设备监测性能的发展方向.

Review of online biochemical oxygen demand monitoring and its applications

Biochemical oxygen demand（BOD） is one of the most important parameters for reflecting both biodegradability of environmental organic pollution and effluent loading of sewage treatment plant.However,the traditional laboratory BOD measurement is so time-consuming and complicating that water pollution cannot be monitored in real time.Although chemical oxygen demand（COD） and total organic carbon（TOC） have been used to replace BOD,these two parameters cannot truly evaluate the biodegradability of effluent and COD may cause secondary pollution.In recent years,new measurement approaches were proposed to shorten the measurement time.However,these approaches are hard to be applied in online measuring due to their principles.The respirometry directly associates oxygen consumption with biomass growth and substrate removal by measuring and calculating oxygen uptake rate,thus it realizes online BOD monitoring.This review briefly introduced the principle and model of respirometry and introduced the commercialized online BOD monitors based on respirometry.These online devices have been successfully used in adjusting the process of the foreign sewage treatment plants for cutting down energy consumption.Furthermore,this review preliminarily proposed and discussed the scheme to replace active sludge in the devices with microbe carrier for enhancing the performance of the monitoring.