旋转水射流破岩钻孔机理研究

基于水射流破岩钻孔过程中影响因素和流固耦合作用的分析,运用连续损伤力学和细观损伤力学理论,建立了适用于水射流破岩全过程的岩石损伤模型。依据所建立的损伤模型,利用非线性动力有限元方法,对旋转水射流破岩钻孔过程的过程进行了模拟,其中岩石损伤场的求解采用解耦的方法。计算结果与试验一致,表明旋转射流具有较强的破岩能力,其原因是旋转射流的质点具有三维速度,破岩时以倾斜冲击为主,易于在岩石表面形成拉伸和剪切破坏,回流的干扰较少。破岩过程首先是形成一环形破碎带,然后沿径向和轴向发展,所形成的破碎坑呈内凸锥状。旋转射流破岩的优势在于破碎面积大、效率高、破岩比能低,因而旋转水射流能够钻出大直径的岩石孔眼。

A Study of the Rock Breaking Mechanism during Swirling Water Jet Drilling

Based on an analysis of the factors affecting rock breaking and the coupling between rock and fluid during water jet drilling, the rock damage model and the damage-coupling model suitable for the whole rock breaking process under the water jet is established with continuous damage mechanics and micro-damage mechanics. The evolvement of rock damage during swirling water jet drilling is simulated on a nonlinear FEM and dynamic rock damage model, and a decoupled method is used to analyze the rock damage. The numerical results agree with the test results to a high degree, which shows the rock breaking ability of the swirling water jet is strong. This is because the jet particle velocity of the swirling water jet is three-dimensional, and its rock-breaking manner mainly has a slopping impact. Thus, the interference from returning fluid is less. All these aspects make it easy to draw and shear the rock surface. The rock breaking process is to break out an annular on the rock surface first, and then the annular develops quickly in both the radial and axial directions, the last part of the rock broken hole bottom is a protruding awl. The advantage of the swirling water jet breaking rock is the heavy breaking efficiency,large breaking area and less energy used to break rock per unite volume, so the swirling water jet can drill in a hole of a large diameter.