类比问题解决中图式归纳的多维效应实验研究

以Luchins的经典水罐问题的变形为实验材料,控制问题解决的程序特征的两个维度--解题公式和数量类型,探讨类比问题解决中图式归纳的认知过程和心理机制.结果发现:解题公式的变化和数量类型的变化促进类比问题解决中的图式归纳,并促进问题之间的迁移;类比问题解决中的图式归纳通过类比问题解决的执行过程影响迁移;类比问题解决中的图式归纳具有维度特殊性.

Effects and Mechanism of Schema Induction in Analogical Problem Solving

The present study, by using a series of tasks analogous to Luchins' classical water jar problems and manipulating two dimensions of procedural features in problem solving: formula and quantity, explored the cognitive processes and psychological mechanism of schema induction in analogical problem solving. The results were as follows: The formula and quantity's similarity between source and target affected the performance of problem solving significantly. Variability in source solution procedures, namely variability in formula and quantity fostered schema induction, which in turn, facilitated transfer between source and target problems. Schema induction in analogical problem solving affected transfer by means of the executing process. Schema induction in analogical problem solving was dimensional specific.