糖尿病患者饮食观念及行为调查分析

目的 对糖尿病患者进行饮食观念及行为的调查，并加以分析比较。方法 选取2005年～2008年期间住院的283位2型糖尿病患者，采取问卷调查表形式。通过调查所得资料分析患者的饮食观念；比较不同饮食观念患者的空腹血糖、白蛋白、糖化血红蛋白情况；饮食治疗依从性好否患者的血糖情况：对饮食观念不正确的患者进行有针对性的饮食指导，3个月后随访，与前临床指标进行对比。结果 283位糖尿病患者中，不正确的饮食观念有：认为过度节食方法可以治疗糖尿病的占37．80％，觉得多吃含糖少的粗粮无妨的占46．64％，同意水果甜不能吃的占55．83％，喜欢喝稀饭的患者占41．70％。不同饮食观念患者空腹血糖、白蛋白、糖化血红蛋白比较有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。饮食治疗依从性好否患者空腹血糖、餐后2h血糖相比较也有统计学意义（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。对饮食观念不正确组饮食指导后进行3个月后随访，患者的空腹血糖、白蛋白、糖化血红蛋白均有改善（P〈0.01，P〈0．05）。结论 糖尿病饮食治疗不是指单纯的饮食控制和一些不合理的饮食措施，而是要采取科学的、正确的方法来进行。通过问卷调查及住院饮食指导与监督，了解并纠正患者的饮食误区，帮助患者有效控制血糖，减少并发症的发生。

A Survey on dietary ideas in diabetic patients

Objective To investigate and analyze dietary ideas in diabetic patients. Methods 283 diabetic patients hospitalized during 2005-2008 were chosen for a questionnaire survey, based on which dietary ideas in these patients were investigated, and the correlation of these ideas with fasting blood glucose, albumin and glycosylated hemoglobin changes was analyzed. Specific instructions were offered to patients who had inappropriate dietary ideas. A 3-month follow-up of these patients was made to see whether there was nay change in these indexes after dietary instructions. Results 37.80% of the 283 diabetic patients thought that diabetes could be cured by excess food control; 46.64% thought that sugar-free roughage was harmless to health; 55.83% agreed to the idea that fruits were so sweet that they were not appropriate for diabetic patients; 41.70% liked eating porridge. Different dietary ideas had statistically significant influences on fasting blood glucose, albumin and glycosylated hemoglobin levels （P〈0.05）. The results of the 3-month follow-up showed that fasting blood glucose, albumin and glycosylated hemoglobin improved significantly after the dietary instructions （P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Dietetic treatment of diabetic patients is more than simple control of food intake or some illogical dietary measures; rather, it should be implemented correctly and scientifically. The results of this survey may be helpful in correcting some wrong ideas about diabetic dieting, controlling blood sugar more effectively and reducing complications in diabetic patients.