土壤水资源评价研究进展

阐述了土壤水资源的概念、主要的评价方法、土壤水资源评价中面临的问题以及高效利用土壤水的机制和实用技术.在天然情况下,土壤水资源量从补给的角度论述是土壤截留量,从消耗的角度论述是蒸散量.土壤水资源常用的评价指标包括土壤蓄水量、多年平均可更新土壤水资源、可被植被吸收利用的土壤水资源等.在评价土壤水资源过程中,要考虑气候变化和人类活动对土壤水资源的影响,采用新技术,建立和完善区域土壤水资源评价模型.今后还需要进一步对土壤水分高效利用机制及其实用技术进行研究.

ADVANCES IN SOIL WATER RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

Concept and assessments of soil water resources, problems in evaluating processes, and mechanism and practical technologies to high efficient soil water use were described in this paper. Under natural conditions, soil water resource in terms of soil water recharging is rain water interception by soil, but in terms of consumption it is evapotranspiration. Common evaluation index includes soil water storage, average annual renewable soil water resources, soil water available to vegetation. In evaluating soil water resources, effects of climate change and of human activities should be considered, new technologies should be applied, regional soil water resources assessment models should be developed and improved. In the future, mechanism and practical technologies for highly efficient soil water use should be further studied.