从“哲学的批判”到“社会的建构”——马克思市民社会批判思想的双重变奏

思想的历史就是历史的思想，哲学作为时代的思想，它关照着所处自己时代人的“生存境遇”。马克思对现实人类生存境遇的关注不像以往哲学家那种由哲学到哲学的独白式的复调，而是基于对现实社会问题即对市民社会的关注为解决问题的钥匙。鉴于此，以马克思对市民社会的批判为问题的切入点，来论析在这一过程中马克思所实现的双重变奏即由“哲学的批判”到“社会的建构”这一思想理路，并创建自己的唯物史观，同时也凸显出马克思市民社会批判理论对现代社会的建构价值。

From Philosophical Criticism to Social Construction: Marx's Double Variation of Civil Social Criticism Theory

The history of thoughts is historical ideology. As the ideology of times, philosophy focuses on survival circumstances of people in that time. Unlike philosophers, who establishes philosophy from the philosophy-to-philosophy monologue of duplicate accent, Marx concerns about survival circumstances of realistic people on the basis of social problems that are solved by paying much attention to civil society. Therefore, to begin with the discussion of Marx's criticism of civil society, the present paper analyzes Marx's double variation: the ideal thinking from philosophical criticism to social construction. In this process, Marx establishes his own historical materialism, indicating the value of present times that Marx's theory of civil social criticism brings.