“西气东输”一线管道地质灾害风险监测预警体系

为了对“西气东输”一线管道地质灾害风险进行有效的监测和预警，减少管道安全运营成本，利用历史数据和“事故危害系数”的概念，直观地论证了管道地质灾害风险监测的必要性，探讨了管道地质灾害的渐变特征和管道失效的力学判据，阐明了管道地质灾害风险监测及预警在理论与技术上的可行性。基于“承灾体重于致灾体、前期监测重于灾后监测、长期监测重于短期检测、经济合理重于技术领先”的原则，建立了长输管道沿线地质灾害风险监测预警体系--管道地质灾害前期监测网。该监测网在“西气东输”一线干线及支线的管道地质灾害高风险区上布设了近百个隐患监测点，及时发布了3起预警并2次触发应急预案，监测成果直接支持了7处隐患点的治理工作。实际应用效果表明，该监测网具有灾害预报预警、支持灾害治理方案、校准灾害治理过程的功能，甚至还可用于评价灾害治理效果、合理调配灾害防治资源，能使管道完整性管理工作真正落到实处，有效降低管道运营方的经营成本。

A monitoring and early warning system for geological hazards in the Line One of the West-East Gas Pipeline

This paper aims to effectively monitor and predict the geological hazards of the Line One of the West-East Gas Pipeline so as to reduce the operation cost.First,by use of the historical data and the concept of "accident hazard coefficient",it visually demonstrates the necessity of the monitoring,the changing characteristics of geological hazards,the mechanical criteria for pipeline failures,and the feasibility of monitoring and early warning in terms of theory and technology.Therefore,a monitoring and early warning system for geological hazards along the long-distance pipeline,the so-called pre-disaster monitoring network,is established based on the following four principles: hazard-affected body is prior to hazard-formative body,pre-disaster monitoring is prior to post-disaster monitoring,long-term monitoring is prior to short-term monitoring,and cost-effectiveness is prior to technical superiority.In this network,there are approximately 100 monitoring points established at such areas with high potential of geological hazards along the arterial and branch lines of the Line One.As a result,this pre-disaster monitoring network has successfully completed the tasks of early warning three times,triggering contingency plans twice,and supporting hidden trouble solutions at seven locations.From the field application,it can not only release early warning,support the disaster treatment program,and adjust the disaster treatment process,but evaluate the treatment effect,reasonably allocate the disaster prevention resources,truly implement the pipeline integrity management,and effectively reduce the pipeline operation costs.