差异化开展国土空间生态修复的思考

近年来,由于气候变化和人类活动的双重影响,生态系统承受了越来越大的压力。在一定程度上,这些压力改变了生态系统的结构和过程,降低了生态系统服务功能,对区域可持续发展形成了威胁。国土空间生态修复是推进生态文明建设的重大举措,也是应对以上生态系统问题的重要手段,我国已将其上升到国家战略的高度。但是,目前国土空间生态修复的相关研究尚缺乏系统的梳理,相关的国土空间生态修复工作也缺乏系统总结,不利于生态修复工作的深入开展。因此,亟需系统梳理我国生态修复相关工作的演进脉络,阐述不同时期国土空间生态修复目标、手段、区域的差异化,剖析当前我国开展国土空间生态修复工作遇到的问题,进而提出相关应对策略,以期裨益于我国新时期的国土空间生态修复工作。研究表明：（1）我国的生态修复研究经历了萌芽、早期实践及新时期国土空间生态修复的演进过程。各个时期生态修复目标、手段和区域的差异化明显。（2）当前,我国国土空间生态修复的主要问题是,生态方面的历史欠账多、现实矛盾多,生态系统功能问题较为突出,生态修复部门职责相对分散、履职较为矛盾,生态修复投入机制相对单一。（3）未来,应该分别依据生态问题时间维度、空间维度、行政与市场维度的差异化,分别开展有针对性的国土空间生态修复工作。

Thoughts on differentially carrying out land ecological restoration

In recent years, due to the dual impact of climate change and human activities,ecosystems have been suffering increasing pressure. To a certain extent, this pressure has changed the structure and process of ecosystems, reduced ecosystem services, and threatened regional sustainable development. Land ecological restoration is a major measure to promote the construction of ecological civilization and an important means to deal with the above ecosystem problems. China has taken it as one of national strategies. However, there have been relatively few systematic reviews and summaries in the current research on the ecological restoration of land and space, which is not conducive to the in-depth development of ecological restoration. Therefore, this article systematically sorts out the evolutionary context of China’s ecological restoration work, expounds the differences in the goals, methods, and regions of land and space ecological restoration in different periods, analyzes the current problems encountered in China’s land ecological restoration work, and further proposes related countermeasures, which are expected to benefit China’s ecological restoration work in the new era. The research shows that:(1) China’s ecological restoration research has experienced an evolutionary process of budding, early practice and the new era periods. The ecological restoration goals, methods and regions differed significantly in each period.(2) At present, the main problems of China’s territorial and spatial ecological restoration are that there are many historical debts in ecological aspects, many practical contradictions, problems of ecosystem functions are more prominent, the responsibilities of ecological restoration departments are relatively scattered, and the performance of duties is relatively contradictory and single.(3) In the future, targeted land ecological restoration work should be carried out based on the differences in the time dimension, space dimension, administration and market dimension of ecological problems.