降低超细高氯酸铵感度的方法研究

为了降低超细高氯酸铵(AP)的机械感度,以十八烷胺为包覆剂,经气流粉碎工艺,制备了超细AP包覆粒子。通过对超细AP包覆粒子进行粒度分析、SEM分析、DSC分析及感度检测,研究了超细AP包覆粒子的包覆效果、热分解特性及感度特性。试验结果表明:超细AP包覆粒子,粒度为D50=5.8μm,表面有包覆层存在;超细AP包覆粒子的感度,与超细AP样品相比,当包覆剂质量分数为1%时,撞击感度降低31.2%,摩擦感度降低12.0%;当包覆剂质量分数为3%时,撞击感度降低34.5%,摩擦感度降低22.0%,且包覆剂用量越大,撞击感度和摩擦感度越低;但包覆剂对AP的热分解会产生一定的负面影响,质量分数应≤1%。

Study on the Method of Reducing the Sensitivity of Ammonium Perchlorate Superfine Powder

In order to reduce the mechanical sensitivity of AP superfine powder, octadecylamine was used as the coating agent, and AP-coated superfine particles were prepared by jet mill. The coating effect, thermal decomposition characteristics and sensitivity characteristics of AP-coated superfine particles were studied by particle size analysis, SEM analysis, DSC analysis and sensitivity testing. Experimental results show that particle size of AP-coated superfine particles is Ds0 = 5.8μm, with a coating layer present on the surface. Compared with the pure AP superfine particles, when the mass fraction of coating agent is 1%, the impact sensitivity of AP-coated superfine particles is reduced by 31.2% and friction sensitivity is decreased by 12.0%. While when the mass fraction of coating agent is 3%, the impact sensitivity of AP-coated superfine particles is reduced by 34.5% and friction sensitivity is decreased by 22.0%. In addition, the greater the coated dosage, the lower the impact sensitivity and the friction sensitivity. However, coating agent has some negative imoacts on the thermal decomoosition of AP. and thus its dosaze should be controlled less than 1% （mass fraction）.