健康人群中甲状腺结节患病情况调查

目的 了解健康查体人群中甲状腺结节的患病率及结节特征。方法 对4687例既往无甲状腺疾病史的健康查体人员的甲状腺高分辨率超声检查报告、临床资料进行汇总、统计分析。并对其中经过血清促甲状腺激素测定的526例，按照甲状腺超声检查报告分为甲状腺结节组和超声正常组，比较两组血清促甲状腺激素水平。结果 超声检查结果表明，整个调查人群中，甲状腺结节阳性率为30.12％，女性患病率明显高于男性（34.13％ vs 27.33％，P＜0.01）。结节患病率随年龄增长呈增加趋势，Spearman等级相关分析表明,年龄与结节患病率呈正相关 (P＜0.01)。随年龄增长，多发结节所占比例增加，但结节数目与性别无关。甲状腺结节以直径不到1cm的小结节为主（65.79%），结节的性质以实性为主，占56.94%，混合性比例为27.12%，囊性比例为15.93%。结节组和超声正常组血清促甲状腺素水平无明显差异(P＞0.05)。结论 甲状腺结节在人群中患病率较高，以单发的小结节、实性结节为主，女性高于男性，结节患病率随年龄增长而增加。

Prevalence of thyroid nodules in healthy population

Objective    To assess the incidence and features of thyroid nodules in physical examinations. Methods     A total of 4687 adults without a history of thyroid disease were enrolled in the respective study. Thyroid ultrasonography was performed in all subjects and serum thyrotropin(TSH) was evaluated in 526 of them who were subdivided into two groups according to the presence or absence of thyroid nodules. And  serum TSH was compared between these two groups. Results    The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 30.12% in the studied population and increased with age increasing. Thyroid nodules were significantly more common in females than  males (34.13% vs 27.33%，P＜0.01). Spearman rank correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between age and the occurrence of thyroid nodules(P＜0.01). Multiple nodules were more popular in elderly people, but no obvious difference was observed in the number of thyroid nodules between men and women. Most nodules were smaller than 1cm（65.79%）and the echostructure of nodules was   solid in 56.94%,  mixed in 27.12% and cystic in 15.93%  of the  cases. There was also no significant difference in serum TSH between groups with and without thyroid nodules(P＞0.05). Conclusion     The prevalence of thyroid nodules is high in healthy adults and increases with age increasing. Most nodules are found small, solitary and solid in the studied population.