城市有效不透水下垫面及其识别研究进展

城市中不透水下垫面，尤其是有效不透水下垫面的增加，会对城市水文循环的各个环节产生影响。针对城市有效不透水下垫面及其识别的问题，剖析了不透水下垫面的水文效应，从水文学的角度辨析了采用总不透水面积和有效不透水面积衡量城市不透水性的优缺点，系统梳理了现场调查与测定法、遥感及影像资料分析法、土地利用类型确定法、经验公式法以及降雨-径流关系法等国内外常用的有效不透水下垫面识别方法的优点与不足，指出未来需深入分析城市不同种类不透水下垫面之间的关系及其对城市雨洪过程的影响，从而提高城市雨洪模拟精度，为城市洪涝防治和海绵城市建设提供技术支撑。

Research progress on urban effective impervious surface and its identification

The increase of urban impervious surface, especially the effective impervious surface, has an impact on all aspects of the urban hydrological cycle. Aiming at the problem of urban effective impervious surface and its identification, the hydrological effect of impervious surface is analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of using total impervious area and effective impervious area to measure urban imperviousness are analyzed from the perspective of hydrology. The advantages and disadvantages of effective impervious surface identification methods commonly used at home and abroad, such as field survey and measurement method, remote sensing and image data analysis method, land use type determination method, empirical formula method and rainfall-runoff relationship method, are systematically combed. It is pointed out that in the future, it is necessary to deeply analyze the relationship between different types of impervious surfaces of cities and their impact on urban rainfall and flood process, so as to improve the accuracy of urban stormwater simulation and provide technical support for urban flood prevention and control and sponge city construction.