海南省成人常见慢性病流行特征及控制现状

目的了解海南省成年人常见慢性病的流行特征和控制现状,为慢性病的防控提供参考依据。方法采用2018年海南省成人慢性病与营养监测资料,共调查3689名18岁及以上常住居民,调查方法包括问卷调查、体格检查和实验室检测。常见慢性病包括高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和肥胖。采用SPSS 17.0软件进行χ²检验和Mantel-Haenszel趋势性χ²检验。结果海南省成人高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和肥胖的患病粗率分别为31.15%、20.22%、43.13%和8.35%,标化患病率分别为18.88%、12.78%、36.60%和8.54%。男性血脂异常患病率(46.99%)高于女性(40.18%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的患病率随着年龄的增加而升高,变化趋势均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。城市居民血脂异常、肥胖的患病率(分别为46.21%、10.66%)高于农村(分别为41.64%、7.23%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。高血压知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为42.30%、35.34%和10.97%,且女性均高于男性,随年龄的增加而升高,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);城市控制率高于农村,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。糖尿病知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为23.99%、21.58%和5.90%,其中,知晓率、治疗率随年龄的增加而升高,趋势均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。血脂异常知晓率、治疗率和控制率分别为11.50%、6.03%和4.40%,均为女性高于男性,城市高于农村,随年龄的增加而升高,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论海南省成人常见慢性病患病水平较高,高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常的知晓率、治疗率和控制率偏低,应加强宣传,对40岁以下中青年、男性和农村居民采取有针对性的防控措施进行干预。

Epidemic characteristics and control status of common chronic diseases in adults of Hainan Province

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics and control status of common chronic diseases in adults of Hainan Province,and to provide the basis for the prevention and control of chronic diseases.Methods The data of adult chronic disease and nutrition surveillance in Hainan Province in 2018 were used to select 3689 residents(≥18 years old)as the subjects,the investigation was investigated with the questionnaire,physical examination and laboratory test.The common chronic diseases included hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and obesity.Theχ2 test and Mantel-Haenszel trendχ²test were used to analyze the data,the used software was SPSS 17.0.Results The crude morbidities of hypertension,diabetes,hyperlipidemia and obesity in adult residents of Hainan Province were 31.15%,20.22%,43.13%and 8.35%,respectively;the standardized morbidities were 18.88%,12.78%,36.60%and 8.54%,respectively.The morbidity(46.99%)of hyperlipidemia in males was significantly higher than that(40.18%)in females(P<0.01).The morbidities of hypertension,diabetes and hyperlipidemia increased with age(P<0.01).The morbidities(46.21%and 10.66%)of hyperlipidemia and obesity in urban residents were significantly higher than those(41.64%and 7.23%)in rural residents(P<0.01).The rates of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension were42.30%,35.34%and 10.97%,the rates of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension in females were higher than those in males,and the rates of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension increased with age(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the control rates of hypertension in urban area were higher than those in rural area(P<0.01).The rates of awareness,treatment and control of diabetes were 23.99%,21.58%and 5.90%,among which the rates of awareness and treatment increased with age(P<0.01).The rates of awareness,treatment and control of hyperlipidemia were11.50%,6.03%and 4.40%,the rates in females were higher than those in males,the rates in urban area were higher than those in rural area,and the rates increased with age,(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The morbidities of common chronic diseases in Hainan Province adults were higher,the rates of awareness,treatment and control of hypertension,diabetes and dyslipidemia were lower.The propaganda should be strengthened,and the target prevention and control measures should be taken for males,rural residents and young and middle-aged residents(<40 years old).