温室温湿度及灌溉量对甜瓜生长发育的影响

以甜瓜为试材,采用盆栽方式,研究了日光温室内3种不同气温和空气相对湿度环境以及3种环境下不同补充灌溉量对厚皮甜瓜生理特性、产量、品质及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:在相同灌溉条件下,日平均温度19~33℃,相对湿度69%~78.68%处理较日平均温度14~27℃、相对湿度60%~85%或16~30℃、65%~90%处理,单株产量提高,而植株叶片的叶绿素含量,果实的VC、可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物及水分利用效率降低;在14~27℃,60%~85%处理下果实可溶性蛋白质及可溶性固形物含量相对最高。在相同环境下,随着灌溉量的增加,甜瓜叶片的叶绿素含量、果实的VC、可溶性总糖、可溶性固形物含量及水分利用效率均逐渐降低。综合甜瓜产量与品质考虑,认为在日平均温度14~27℃,日平均空气相对湿度60%~85%的环境条件和补充蒸腾蒸发损耗量100%的灌溉量处理下,有利于甜瓜果实品质及产量的提高,可作为温室生产管理技术指标。

Effects of Temperature,Relative Humidity and Irrigation Amount on the Growth and Development of the Muskmelon in Greenhouse

This experiment,using muskmelon planting in pots as material,the effects of 3 different air temperatures and relative air humidity as well as different irrigation amount in the 3 environments mentioned above on the physiological properties,fruit quality and water use efficiency of muskmelon in greenhouse were studied.The results showed that,with the same irrigation amount,in the environment with 19~33℃ daily average temperature and 69%~78.68% daily average humidity,comparing to that with 14~27℃ daily average temperature and 60%~85% daily average humidity or that with 16~30℃ daily average temperature and 65%~90% daily average humidity,single plant yield increased,while the chlorophyll content in muskmelon leaves,vitamin C in muskmelon fruit,total soluble sugar,soluble solids and water use efficiency dropped;and that soluble protein and other solid content in the fruit was relatively higher in the environment with 14~27℃ daily average temperature and 60%~85% daily average humidity than in all the other ones.Under the same environment,the chlorophyll content in muskmelon leaves,vitamin C in muskmelon fruit,total soluble sugar,soluble solids and water use efficiency all dropped gradually with the increase of irrigation amount.Considering yield and quality comprehensively,we think that the environment with 14~27℃ daily average temperature,60%~85% daily average relative humidity and 100% evapo-transpiration loss,was favorable to both muskmelon fruit yield and quality and it can be used as technical indexes in greenhouse production management.