牛蒡不同部位多糖的抗氧化与抗凝血活性研究

以牛蒡根、茎、叶三个部位提取的多糖作为研究对象,通过PMP柱前衍生化法及苯酚硫酸法确定样品的单糖组成和总糖含量,并针对其抗氧化活性和抗凝血活性进行了进一步比较研究。牛蒡根、茎、叶三个部位的多糖中均含有不同含量的甘露糖(Man)、葡萄糖氨(GlcN)、鼠李糖(Rha)、葡萄糖醛酸(GlcA)、葡萄糖(Glc)、半乳糖(Gal)和阿拉伯糖(Ara),其中牛蒡根中Glc含量最高,其次为GlcA和Gal;牛蒡茎中主要有Gal、Glc和Ara组成;而牛蒡叶中也是主要以Glc为主,Gal和Ara次之。抗氧化活性实验中,在0~1.0 mg/mL浓度区间内,以抗坏血酸为标准品,对超氧阴离子自由基(·O₂-)清除能力以牛蒡茎多糖最强、牛蒡叶多糖次之、牛蒡根多糖最弱,对羟基自由基(·OH)清除能力以牛蒡茎多糖最强、牛蒡叶多糖次之、牛蒡根多糖最弱,DPPH自由基清除能力及还原能力以牛蒡叶多糖最强、牛蒡茎多糖次之、牛蒡根多糖最弱。抗凝血活性实验中,在0~0.3 mg/mL浓度区间内,活化部分凝血时间和凝血酶时间均以牛蒡叶多糖最长、牛蒡根多糖次之、牛蒡茎多糖最短,牛蒡根多糖有延长凝血酶原时间作用,牛蒡叶和茎无明显延长凝血酶原时间作用,通过对比发现三者抗凝血活性相差无几,并没有表现出良好的抗凝血活性。

Antioxidant and Anticoagulant Activities of Polysaccharides Extracted from Different Parts of Arctium lappa L.

The polysaccharides which extracted from the root,stem and leaf of Arctium lappa L. were studied in this work. The monosaccharide compositions and total sugar contents were determined by PMP pre-column derivatization and phenol-sulfuric acid method. The antioxidant and anticoagulant activities of the polysaccharides were further compared. The polysaccharides of Arctium lappa L. root,stem and leaf all contain different contents of mannose(Man),glucose ammonia(GlcN),rhamnose(Rha),glucuronic acid(GlcA),glucose(Glc),galactose(Gal)and arabinose(Ara). Among them,Arctium lappa L. root had the highest Glc content,followed by GlcA and Gal;Arctium lappa L. stem mainly consisted of Gal,Glc and Ara;and Arctium lappa L. leaf was also dominated by Glc,followed by Gal and Ara. In the antioxidant activity experiments,in the concentration range of 0~1.0 mg/mL,with ascorbic acid as the standard,the scavenging ability to superoxide anion free radicals(O₂-)was the strongest in Arctium lappa L. stem polysaccharide,followed by Arctium lappa L. leaf polysaccharide,Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide,and the strongest in hydroxyl radical(OH)scavenging ability was Arctium lappa L. stem polysaccharide and Arctium lappa L. leaf polysaccharide was weaker,Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide was the weakest. DPPH free radical scavenging capacity and reducing capacity of Arctium lappa L. leaf polysaccharide was the strongest,Arctium lappa L. stem polysaccharide was the second,Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide was the weakest. In the anticoagulant activity test,in the concentration range of 0~0.3 mg/mL,the activated partial coagulation time and thrombin time were the longest in Arctium lappa L. leaf polysaccharide,the second in Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide and the shortest in Arctium lappa L. stem polysaccharide. Arctium lappa L. root polysaccharide had the effect of prolonging prothrombin time,while Arctium lappa L. leaf and stem had no effect of prolonging prothrombin time,through comparison,it was found that the anticoagulant activities of the three groups were almost the same,and did not show good anticoagulant activity.