‘早酥’和‘南果梨’16个部位多酚物质组成及含量分析

【目的】通过对脆肉型梨品种‘早酥’和软肉型梨品种‘南果梨’16个部位多酚物质种类和含量的分析,揭示梨品种不同器官或组织内多酚物质组成及含量,以期找到提取多酚物质的最佳部位,为梨多酚物质的利用提供依据。【方法】以‘早酥’梨和‘南果梨’为试材,采用超高效液相色谱法测定其16个部位多酚物质的组成和含量。以熊果苷、没食子酸、原儿茶酸、新绿原酸、原花青素B1、DL-儿茶素、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、咖啡酸、原花青素B2、丁香酸、表儿茶素、原花青素C1、洋藓素、P-香豆酸、槲皮素-阿拉伯-葡糖苷、反式阿魏酸、芦丁、槲皮素-3-半乳糖苷、槲皮素-3-葡糖苷、木犀草-7-O-葡糖苷、异绿原酸B、莰菲醇-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-阿拉伯糖苷、异绿原酸A、水仙苷、异鼠李素-3-O-半乳糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷、根皮苷、白藜芦醇、肉桂酸、二水槲皮素、根皮素、芹菜素和山奈黄酮醇35种多酚化合物标准品,对‘早酥’梨和‘南果梨’16个部位进行多酚的定量和定性分析。【结果】‘早酥’梨共检测到23种多酚物质,包括简单酚类2种,苯甲烯类1种,咖啡酰奎宁酸类5种,黄烷醇类5种,黄酮醇类9种和二氢查耳酮类1种;‘南果梨’共检测到21种多酚物质,包括简单酚类2种,酚酸类1种,苯甲烯类1种,咖啡酰奎宁酸类4种,黄烷醇类4种和黄酮醇类9种。‘早酥’梨16个部位以幼嫩叶片多酚含量最高,为93.82 mg·g~(-1),果肉多酚含量最低,为0.63 mg·g~(-1);熊果苷和绿原酸为各部位所共有,除果肉外,其他部位含量最高的多酚均是熊果苷,为0.08—64.86 mg·g~(-1);所检测到的6大类多酚中,每类含量最高的依次为熊果苷、丁香酸、绿原酸、表儿茶素、木犀草-7-O-葡糖苷和根皮苷,分别为403.5、0.04、79.83、16.16、9.07和0.13 mg·g~(-1);成熟叶柄所测酚种类最多为14种,木质部所测酚种类最少为3种。‘南果梨’16个部位以幼嫩叶片多酚含量最高,为104.04 mg·g~(-1),种子含量最低,为2.66 mg·g~(-1);熊果苷和绿原酸为各部位共有,除果肉和果心外,其他部位含量最高的多酚均为熊果苷,为0.87—51.75 mg·g~(-1);所检测到的6大类多酚中,每类含量最高的依次为熊果苷、原儿茶酸、表儿茶素、丁香酸、绿原酸、表儿茶素和木犀草-7-O-葡糖苷,分别为357.29、0.01、0.08、122.15、12.89和4.87 mg·g~(-1);成熟叶柄和果皮所测酚种类最多,为13种;果心所测酚种类最少,为3种。‘早酥’梨和‘南果梨’多酚含量最高的部位均为幼嫩叶片,果皮所测酚比果肉所测酚的组成及含量更丰富,花柄所测酚含量高于花,韧皮部所测酚种类和含量均高于木质部。【结论】‘早酥’梨和‘南果梨’所测酚中熊果苷和绿原酸为16个部位共有,且熊果苷是总含量最高的多酚;除根皮苷和原儿茶酸外,其他所测酚种类相同,幼嫩叶片多酚物质组成及含量均较丰富,可作为多酚提取资源进行开发利用。

The Composition and Content of Polyphenols in 16 Parts of ‘Zaosu’ and ‘Nanguoli’

【Objective】 In order to find out the best parts for polyphenol extraction and also provide the basic information for further utilization of pear germplasm, the composition and contents of polyphenols in 16 different tissues of two pear cultivars (crisp-fleshed cultivar, ‘Zaosu’, and soft-fleshed cultivar, ‘Nanguoli’) were analyzed. 【Method】 UPLC method was applied to determine the composition and contents of polyphenols in 16 parts of ‘Zaosu’ and ‘Nanguoli’, and 35 standard phenolic compounds were used for the detection. Namely, arbutin, gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, neochlorogenic acid, procyanidins B1, DL-catechin, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, procyanidins B2, syringic acid, epicatechin, pro-cyanidins C1, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, P-hydroxycinnamic acid, quercetin-arab-glucoside, rans-4- hydroxy-3-met-hoxycinnamic acid, rutin, quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin-3-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, isochlorogenic acid B, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, avicularin, isochlorogenic acid A, isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, phlorizin dihydrate, resveratrol, cinnamic acid, qutercetin dihydrate, phloretin, apigenin and kaemferol.【Result】Twenty-three polyphenols, including two simple polyphenols, one benylidene, five kinds of caffeoylquinic acid, five flavanols, nine flavonols and one dihydrochalcone were detected in ‘Zaosu’. Twenty-one polyphenols, including two simple polyphenols, one phenolic acid, two kinds of benylidene, four kinds of caffeoylquinic acid, four flavanols and nine flavonols were detected in ‘Nanguoli’. For ‘Zaosu’, young leaves had the highest contents of polyphenols (93.82 mg·g^-1), while flesh had the least (0.63 mg·g^-1). Arbutin and chlorogenic acid were observed in all tested tissues, and the former was analyzed to be the most important polyphenol in all detected tissues except the flesh, with the contents ranging from 0.08 mg·g^-1 to 64.86 mg·g^-1. Arbutin, syringic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and phlorizin dihydrate were the primary polyphenols in the six categories of detected polyphenols, with the contents of 403.5, 0.04, 79.83, 16.16, 9.07 and 0.13 mg·g^-1, respectively. Different varieties of polyphenols were also detected in each tissue, 14 kinds of polyphenols were detected in mature leaf stalk and three kinds in xylem. For ‘Nanguoli’, young leaves had the highest contents of polyphenols (104.04 mg·g^-1), while seeds had the least (2.66 mg·g-1). Arbutin and chlorogenic acid existed in all tested tissues, and the former was analyzed to be the most important polyphenol in all detected tissues except flesh and core, with the contents ranging from 0.87 mg·g^-1 to 51.75 mg·g^-1. Arbutin, 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside and phlorizin dehydrate were the primary polyphenols in the six categories of detected polyphenols, with the contents of 357.29, 0.01, 0.08, 122.15, 12.89 and 4.87 mg·g^-1, respectively. Up to 13 different polyphenols were detected in mature leaf stalk and skin and at least three in the core. Among the 16 detected tissues, young leaves contained the highest contents of polyphenols in both ‘Zaosu’ and ‘Nanguoli’. Fruit skin showed higher contents and more diversity of polyphenols than fruit core, flower stalk had higher contents of polyphenols than flower and phloem showed higher contents and more diversity of polyphenols than xylem. 【Conclusion】 Arbutin and chlorogenic acid were detected in all parts of ‘Zaosu’ and ‘Nanguoli’, and arbutin was the polyphenol with the highest content. The kinds of polyphenols detected in this research were unanimous except phlorizin and protocatechuic acid. Young leaves were relatively abundant in the composition and contents of polyphenols and therefore could be used as extraction resources for further development and utilization.