肝细胞生长因子在左肾动脉狭窄大鼠心血管中的表达及干预研究

目的　观察左肾动脉狭窄肾性高血压大鼠模型心肌和血管中肝细胞生长因子 (HGF)的表达 ,并观察缬沙坦和螺内酯对其表达的影响。方法　选用 6周龄SD大鼠 2 4只 ,制备左肾动脉狭窄肾性高血压模型 ,分为 4组 ,分别为手术组、假手术组、缬沙坦组、螺内酯组。治疗组分别用缬沙坦 3 0mg/kg·d-1、螺内酯 2 0mg/kg·d-1溶于饮水灌胃 ,1次 /d ,连续治疗 17周。用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)法检测大鼠心肌和血管HGFmRNA水平。结果　 17周后 ,缬沙坦组和螺内酯组的心肌HGFmRNA/ β actinmRNA(1.17± 0 .0 8/ 0 .85± 0 .0 8)高于手术组 (0 .5 7± 0 .0 7) (P <0 .0 1) ,但低于假手术组 (1.3 5± 0 .0 9) (P均 <0 .0 1)。两治疗组肠系膜动脉HGFmRNA水平高于手术组 (P <0 .0 1) ,但低于假手术组 (P均 <0 .0 1)。结论　缬沙坦和螺内酯均能使左肾动脉狭窄肾性高血压大鼠心肌和血管中的HGF升高 ,同时伴有心肌和血管重塑的改善 ,说明HGF在左肾动脉狭窄肾性高血压大鼠的靶器官保护中起着重要作用     

卡维地洛配伍螺内酯治疗老年难治性高血压的临床观察

目的：评价卡维地洛联合螺内酯对老年难治性高血压的临床疗效及安全性，以指导临床工作。方法：老年难治性高血压患者200例分成两组，观察组（120例）经安慰剂洗脱2周后口服卡维地洛配伍螺内酯治疗，对照组（80例）在原有用药基础上加用螺内酯，治疗后共观察8周，探讨疗效。结果：观察组不良反应发生少，且观察组总有效率明显高于对照组，观察组对改善左心室射血分数和左心室舒张末期内径效果明显。结论：卡维地洛联合螺内酯对老年难治性高血压控制较好，并能改善心室结构，临床应用效果好。     

Evidence for a subgroup of essential hypertensives with non-suppressible excretion of aldosterone during sodium loading

Summary In patients with grade I and II essential hypertension studied during sodium loading (Na⁺ excretion above 175 meq·d^–1) we found a bimodal behaviour of aldosterone excretion and could distinguish two groups of patients: In the major part of essential hypertensives sodium loading led to a suppression of aldosterone excretion below 6 µg·d^–1, which is the highest control value during sodium loading, with an average of 2.7±1.4 (SD) µg·d^–1. Aldosterone excretion in a second group of patients was not suppressible below 6 µg·d^–1 despite forced sodium loading; it resulted in an average value of 10.0±3.0 (SD) µg·d^–1. During sodium deprivation or free sodium intake, aldosterone excretion in the first group of patients followed exactly the behaviour of normotensive controls, while in the second group of essential hypertensives the correlation of aldosterone excretion and log. Na excretion or log. Na⁺/K⁺ ratio in 24 h urine (r=–0.59) was far below the control value ofr=–0.87. Serum potassium concentration during sodium loading was significantly (p<0.001) lower (3.81±0.44 meq·l^–1) in the essential hypertensives with non-suppressible aldosterone excretion compared to those with suppressible aldosterone excretion (4.26±0.37 meq·l^–1). The blood pressure response to treatment with 200 mg spironolactone·d^–1 was better (p<0.05) in patients with non-suppressible aldosterone excretion compared to the essential hypertensives with normal aldosterone regulation. The plasma renin activity of both groups of patients was not significantly different, however, a tendency prevailed towards lower PRA-values in the patient group with non-suppressible aldosterone excretion during sodium loading.With the technical help of Mrs. R. Schendschilorz and Mrs. G. Suckau     

安体舒通改善自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化

目的：观察安体舒通对自发性高血压大鼠（spontaneously hypertensive rats,SHR）心肌纤维化的影响及可能机制。方法:将16只14周龄雄性SHR随机分为安体舒通组和对照组,每组8只，分别以安体舒通30 mg·kg-1·d-1 及等量生理盐水灌胃12周，同时取8只同龄雄性SD大鼠作为正常对照组，用免疫组化的方法对结缔组织生长因子（connective tissue growth factor,CTGF）、转化生长因子β1（transforming growth factors beta-1,TGFβ1）、 胶原Ⅰ和 Ⅲ（collagenⅠand Ⅲ）在大鼠左室心肌的分布及表达进行半定量分析；用RT-PCR的方法检测TGFβ1、CTGF mRNA在心肌表达水平；用Masson染色法观察左室心肌胶原形态，图像分析测量胶原容积分数（collagen volume fraction,CVF）；用碱水解法测定左室心肌羟脯氨酸(hydroxyproline,Hypro)含量。结果:（1）SHR对照组左室重量指数（left ventricular index,LVI）、CVF、Hypro、collagenⅠ和Ⅲ、CTGF、TGFβ1蛋白及mRNA表达明显高于SD大鼠组（P<0.01）；相对于SHR对照组，安体舒通组则显著降低（P<0.05）；（2）相关分析表明：CTGF与TGFβ1、CVF、Hypro和LVI呈高度正相关（P<0.01）。结论:安体舒通能明显改善SHR心肌纤维化，其作用可能是通过阻断盐皮质激素受体和抑制CTGF的表达而实现的。     

Pharmacokinetics of spironolactone in man

Summary Five healthy male volunteers received 500 mg Aldactone^® orally together with 100 Ci ³H-20-21-spironolactone; one elderly patient received 1 mCi ³H-spironolactone without additional cold drug. For 6 days the disposition kinetics of the drug were studied in plasma, urine and feces. The tritium concentrations in plasma reached a peak between 25–40 min after administration amounting to 2–3% of the dose/1. Up to the 12th h, they fell rapidly and showed a monoexponential decline (t _1/2 : 2.57±0.27 days) between the 36th and 96th h. Later, a striking increase in the speed of elimination of radioactivity from plasma (t _1/2 : 1.66±0.21 days) was observed. The biological half-life of labeled material in plasma was longer than that of fluorigenic compounds. 47–57% of the dose were excreted in urine and the remaining amount culd be detected in feces (total recovery 90%). The half-life of the urinary excretion rate was distinctly shorter (t _1/2 : 0.9±0.11 days) than that of total radioactivity in plasma. This, together with an observed increase of the polar fraction in urine from 35 up to 85%, which was accompanied by a decrease in plasma from 55 to 35%, suggests either tubular reabsorption or enterohepatic recirculation of lipophilic compounds. TLC-separation of the lipophilic fraction in urine revealed two previously unknown compounds of which the main congener was identified as 3-(3-oxo-7-methylsulfonyl-6, 17-dihydroxy-4-androsten-17-yl) propionic acid -lactone, as well as canrenone and the metabolites which have already been described (Karim and Brown, 1972; Karim et al., 1975). This metabolite represents the main lipophilic degradation product in urine within the first hours, whereas the 6-OH-7-methylsulfinylspirolactone leveled off and seemed to be an endexcretion product. For further characterisation, the polar fraction was subjected to acidic hydrolysis. The known metabolic pathways of spironolactone degradation are discussed.The paper includes parts of the thesis of G. Luszpinski     

月桂氮(艹卓)酮对灭痤乳膏中螺内酯透皮作用研究

目的：研究不同浓度的月桂氮卓酮对灭痤乳膏中螺内酯小鼠离体皮肤渗透性的影响。方法：用改良的Franz扩散池，不同浓度月桂氮卓酮(0、1％、2％和5％)作促渗性试验，采用HPLC法测定和计算药物累积释放量(Q)，稳态流量（J），渗透系数(Kp)。结果：含1％～5％月桂氮卓酮的灭痤乳膏中螺内酯的Q值，较不含月桂氮卓酮者增加了73.66％～74.61％，但各浓度间Q值无显著性差异。结论：1％～5％月桂氮卓酮对灭痤乳膏中螺内酯有明显促渗作用。     

醛固酮受体拮抗剂螺内酯治疗难治性高血压疗效和安全性的Meta分析

背景难治性高血压是一种特殊类型的高血压，病因复杂，治疗难度大，更易引起靶器官损害。近年研究发现，在难治性高血压患者三联常用降压药物治疗基础上添加小剂量螺内酯能有效控制血压。但这些研究规模普遍较小，其有效性与安全性尚需进一步验证。目的系统评价螺内酯治疗难治性高血压的疗效及安全性。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、中国知网、维普网、万方数据知识服务平台，筛选螺内酯治疗难治性高血压的随机对照研究，检索时间为建库至2021-05-03。由2名研究员独立筛选文献、提取资料并评价纳入研究的偏倚风险后，采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入20项研究。9项研究未报告随机化分组方法，1项研究按纳入顺序编号奇偶分配（错误的随机化方法），7项研究未描述是否采用盲法，4项研究为开放标签，3项研究描述了分配隐藏，1项研究结果数据不完整、未报告对照组治疗后的安全性指标。Meta分析结果显示，疗效方面：与安慰剂和空白对照相比，螺内酯降低诊室血压、24 h动态血压、日间血压及夜间血压的效果好（P<0.05）；与其他降压药物总体相比，螺内酯降低诊室收缩压、24 h动态血压、日间收缩压、夜间收缩压及家庭自测收缩压的效果好（P<0.05）；与肾脏去交感神经术相比，螺内酯降低日间血压及夜间收缩压的效果好（P<0.05）。安全性方面：与安慰剂相比，应用螺内酯患者的血钾及血肌酐水平高（P<0.05）；与其他降压药物总体相比，应用螺内酯患者的血钾水平升高（P<0.05）；与肾脏去交感神经术相比，应用螺内酯患者的血肌酐水平升高（P<0.05）。结论螺内酯治疗难治性高血压是相对有效及安全的，但受纳入研究数量和质量的限制，该结论尚需更多高质量研究予以证实。     

蒙诺联合醛固酮受体阻滞剂治疗心肌梗死后心功能衰竭临床效果分析

目的：探讨蒙诺联合醛固酮受体阻滞剂螺内酯治疗心肌梗死后心功能衰竭的临床疗效。方法选取于2012年3月~2013年5月到本院住院治疗的心功能衰竭患者156例，将这些患者分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用常规方法进行治疗，观察组除常规治疗之外联用蒙诺与醛固酮受体阻滞剂螺内酯进行治疗。治疗结束后对心功能进行评价，于治疗前后对血压等指标进行测量和比较。结果观察组的治疗效果与对照组相比具有显著差异，治疗后血压、心率等各项指标与治疗前相比差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论蒙诺与醛固酮受体阻滞剂联用在改善心功能方面比常规治疗方法更加有效，能够获得较高的治愈率。     

羟丙基淀粉空心胶囊对螺内酯含量的影响

摘 要 目的： 考察羟丙基淀粉胶囊对螺内酯胶囊主药含量的影响。方法: 分别在强光（4 000 Lx±500 Lx）、高温（40℃）、高湿（相对湿度75%±5%）的条件下放置5 d和10 d,采用高效液相色谱法检查样品放置前后含量改变,同时观察外观、色泽等药物性状的变化。结果:经高温、高湿、光照试验后,测得标示含量值均在93.45%～100.37%之间,符合标准规定（93.0%～107.0%）。结论: 羟丙基淀粉空心胶囊与螺内酯相容性较好。