培养条件对双歧杆菌EPS各组分产量及比例的影响

【目的】动物双歧杆菌RH产生的胞外多糖(exopolysaccharides, EPS)经阴离子交换柱层析可获得EPSa和EPSb两个组分。得到可提高EPS的总产量, 尤其是EPSb产量的最佳培养基和培养条件。【方法】对培养基类型、氮源、碳源、碳源浓度、培养基初始pH值、培养温度和时间对双歧杆菌EPSa和EPSb产量的影响进行分析。【结果】在初始pH值调整为7.0的含5%蔗糖的PTYG培养基上, 在35 °C温度下厌氧培养60 h时动物双歧杆菌RH的EPSa和EPSb产量分别为0.982±0.003 g/L和0.312±0.001 g/L。【结论】在上述条件下EPS总产量高且可获得较多的EPSb。     

儿童肠道双歧杆菌和乳杆菌种群结构分析

以21例2～5岁中国儿童的肠道菌群为研究对象,利用传统培养计数法和分子生物学技术,对此年龄段健康儿童的肠道菌群分布及其中关键益生菌的种群结构进行了定量研究。实验表明,儿童肠道厌氧菌的数量高达109CFUg(湿重),其肠道菌群的定植抗力(平均BE=2.38)较强;不同的个体之间所能检测到的关键益生菌的种类有所不同,一般能检测到其中的1～4种双歧杆菌和1～5种乳杆菌;长双歧杆菌和假小链双歧杆菌的平均数量多达107CFUg(湿重),检出率分别为90.48%和85.71%,为儿童肠道内双歧杆菌的优势菌种;L.mucosae和发酵乳杆菌的数量较多,平均为3.68log10CFUg(湿重)和3.97log10CFUg(湿重),检出率分别为71.43%和52.38%,为稳定定植于儿童肠道内的优势乳杆菌;不同种类的益生菌在不同样本之间的数量组成均存在有很大差异,双歧杆菌的样本差异为1.86～3.85,乳杆菌的为2.43～4.07。     

双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖对巨噬细胞AP-1的影响

目的探索信号途径ERK→AP-1在双歧杆菌的完整肽聚糖(WPG)激活巨噬细胞中的作用。方法以WPG刺激SD大鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,采用凝胶电泳迁移分析技术检测巨噬细胞AP-1的活性。结果WPG刺激组巨噬细胞AP-1的活性明显高于对照组(P<0.01);巨噬细胞经ERK抑制剂PD98059预孵后,其AP-1的活性显著低于WPG刺激组(P<0.01)。结论双歧杆菌的WPG可通过ERK→AP-1这一信号途径来活化巨噬细胞。     

双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的一种简便快速计数法

当前,含双歧杆菌和乳酸菌的各种微生态调节剂正在国内外迅速发展。为确保这类制剂的质量,活菌计数极其重要。可是,由于这两类细菌都是厌氧菌,在计数方法上需要特殊的设备和较复杂的操作技术,因此现有方法还很不理想。我们根据高层半固体琼脂培养基具有良好厌氧性能的原理,在必要的条件试验基础上,提出了一种适用于双歧杆菌和乳酸菌等不产气厌氧菌的简便快速活菌计数法(下称“本法”),现简报如下。     

双歧杆菌对PHN保护作用的研究

被动型Ｈｅｙｍａｎｎ肾炎（ＰａｓｉｖｅＨｅｙｍａｎｎＮｅｐｈｒｉｔｉｓ,ＰＨＮ）是一种在临床生化及病理学改变方面均酷似人类膜性肾病的实验动物模型,是研究人类膜性肾病的理想模型。本文在成功复制ＰＨＮ模型的基础上,应用双歧杆菌经口饲喂和腹腔内注射两种途径治疗ＰＨＮ大鼠,同时以生理盐水作为治疗对照。结果表明腹腔内注射双歧杆菌可以明显降低２４小时尿蛋白（与经口饲喂和治疗对照组相比Ｐ＜００５）,而经口饲喂双歧杆菌组,作用不明显,推测双歧杆菌全身应用可以通过提高机体细胞免疫能力降低该病的发生     

双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-氟尿嘧啶联用的抗肿瘤研究

目的探讨双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-氟尿嘧啶（5-Fu）联用对H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及免疫功能的影响。方法双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸单独或联合5-Fu处理H22荷瘤Balb／c小鼠,定期测量肿瘤大小,观察小鼠一般状况;计算抑瘤率、血红细胞数和白细胞数,取脾和胸腺计算脏器指数;HE染色分析肿瘤组织变化;MTT法检测小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖转化功能以及ELISA法检测小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ含量。结果双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸及5-Fu单独应用均可抑制肿瘤生长,但单独5-Fu处理组小鼠一般状况差,毒性反应重;双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸与5-Fu联合应用,与单独5-Fu处理组比较,不仅抑瘤率明显提高（P〈0．01）,且荷瘤小鼠一般状况改善,白细胞数升高,脏器指数增加,小鼠脾T淋巴细胞增殖能力强,脾淋巴细胞分泌IFN-γ,水平提高;光镜观察HE染色瘤体组织,双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸处理组可见大量炎症细胞浸润。结论双歧杆菌脂磷壁酸联合5-FU能增强化疗的抑瘤作用,并能扭转化疗引起的免疫低下现象,起到增效减毒作用。     

Comparison of mucosal adhesion and species identification of bifidobacteria isolated from healthy and allergic infants

Fifty bifidobacteria strains were isolated from fecal samples of allergic and age matched healthy infants. Allergic infants were found to have an adult type Bifidobacterium flora with high levels of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Healthy infants had a typical infant Bifidobacterium flora with high levels of Bifidobacterium bifidum. These isolates were tested for their adhesive properties to human intestinal mucus. The adhesion of the fecal bifidobacteria from healthy infants was significantly higher (P<0.0001) than for allergic infants. This suggests a correlation between allergic disease and the composition of the intestinal bifidobacteria flora which has reduced adhesive abilities to the intestinal mucus. Therefore, dietary supplementation of bifidobacteria typical for healthy infants, may be beneficial in the treatment of allergic disorders.     

Distinctive probiotic features share common TLR2‐dependent signalling in intestinal epithelial cells

The underlying mechanisms of probiotics and postbiotics are not well understood, but it is known that both affect the adaptive and innate immune responses. In addition, there is a growing concept that some probiotic strains have common core mechanisms that provide certain health benefits. Here, we aimed to elucidate the signalization of the probiotic bacterial strains Lactobacillus paragasseri K7, Limosilactobacillus fermentum L930BB, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis IM386 and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum WCFS1. We showed in in vitro experiments that the tested probiotics exhibit common TLR2‐ and TLR10‐dependent downstream signalling cascades involving inhibition of NF‐κB signal transduction. Under inflammatory conditions, the probiotics activated phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K)/Akt anti‐apoptotic pathways and protein kinase C (PKC)‐dependent pathways, which led to regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and tight junctions. These pathways contribute to the regeneration of the intestinal epithelium and modulation of the mucosal immune system, which, together with the inhibition of canonical TLR signalling, promote general immune tolerance. With this study we identified shared probiotic mechanisms and were the first to pinpoint the role of anti‐inflammatory probiotic signalling through TLR10.     

Characterization of bacteriocin bificin C6165: a novel bacteriocin

Aims

To purify and primarily characterize an anti‐Alicyclobacillus bacteriocin produced by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. animalis CICC 6165, suggested to be named bificin C6165.

Methods and Results

During purification of the bificin C6165, optimal recovery was achieved with ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by two chromatographic steps. Mass spectrometry analyses revealed a distinctive peak corresponding to a molecular mass of 3395·1 Da. This bacteriocin was heat stable, effective after refrigerated storage and freeze–thaw cycles. The primary mode of action of bificin C6165 is most probably due to pore formation, as indicated by the efflux of K⁺ from metabolically active cells of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. In the presence of 10 mmol l^?1 gadolinium, bificin C6165 did not affect cells of Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris. This suggests that the mode of action of bificin C6165 relies on a net negatively charged cell surface.

Conclusions

Bificin C6165 is indeed a novel bacteriocin and it exhibited remarkable potency for Alicyclobacillus control.

Significance and Impact of the Study

Application of bacteriocins in preservation of fruit juices has seldom been studied. Bificin C6165 may be an alternative method to control juice spoilage by this Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris and meet increasing consumer demand for nature and artificial chemical additive‐free food products.     

Bifunctional properties and characterization of a novel sialidase with esterase activity from Bifidobacterium bifidum

ABSTRACT

Sialidases catalyze the removal of terminal sialic acid from various complex carbohydrates. In the gastrointestinal tract, sialic acid is commonly found in the sugar chain of mucin, and many enteric commensals use mucin as a nutrient source. We previously identified two different sialidase genes in Bifidobacterium bifidum, and one was cloned and expressed as an extracellular protein designated as exo-α-sialidase SiaBb2. The other exo-α-sialidase gene (siabb1) from the same bifidobacterium encodes an extracellular protein (SiaBb1) consisting of 1795 amino acids with a molecular mass of 189 kDa. SiaBb1 possesses a catalytic domain that classifies this enzyme as a glycoside hydrolase family 33 member. SiaBb1 preferentially hydrolyzes α2,3-linked sialic acid over α2,6-linked sialic acid from sialoglycan, which is the same as SiaBb2. However, SiaBb1 has an SGNH hydrolase domain with sialate-O-acetylesterase activity and an N-terminal signal sequence and C-terminal transmembrane region. SiaBb1 is the first bifunctional sialidase identified with esterase activity.

Abbreviations: GalNAc: N-acetyl-D-galactosamine; Fuc: L-fucose; Gal: D-galactose