Marital Satisfaction and Marital Discord as Risk Markers for Intimate Partner Violence: A Meta-analytic Review

A meta-analysis investigating the relationship between marital satisfaction/discord and intimate partner violence (IPV) in heterosexual relationships was conducted with 32 articles. Overall, a small-to-moderate effect size (r = −0.27) indicated a significant and negative relationship existed between marital satisfaction/discord and IPV. Moderator analyses found no differences between effect size based on construct examined (discord or satisfaction). However, the magnitudes of observed effect sizes were influenced by other moderator variables, including the use of standardized versus non-standardized measures, gender of the offender and victim, role in the violence (perpetrator versus victim), and sample type (clinical versus community). The data suggests that gender is an especially important moderator variable in understanding the relationship between marital satisfaction/discord and IPV.     

The Impact on Juror Verdicts of Judicial Instruction to Disregard Inadmissible Evidence: A Meta-Analysis

The effect on juror verdicts of judicial instructions to disregard inadmissible evidence was evaluated using meta-analysis. One hundred seventy-five hypothesis tests from 48 studies with a combined 8,474 participants were examined. Results revealed that inadmissible evidence (IE) has a reliable effect on verdicts consistent with the content of the IE. Judicial instruction to ignore the inadmissible evidence does not effectively eliminate IE impact. However, if judges provide a rationale for a ruling of inadmissibility, juror compliance may be increased. Contested evidence ruled admissible accentuates that information, resulting in a significant impact on verdicts. Suggestions for how the courts may mitigate the impact of inadmissible evidence more effectively are discussed.     

Self-reported personality traits in forensic populations: a meta-analysis

The current study covers a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of self-reported deviant or disruptive personality traits: anger, aggression, hostility, antisocial traits, psychopathy, and impulsivity in forensic populations worldwide. A computer-based search of titles was carried out using the PubMed electronic database for articles published in English that included a self-report instrument for personality characteristics in combination with a forensic population (i.e. detained in remand, sentenced and/or in enforced treatment, or on parole). The final sample consisted of 39 studies (N?=?11,716) that together used 17 different instruments and reported on 32 subscales or constructs that fitted our current interest. Results showed significantly higher levels of self-reported antisocial and psychopathic features in forensic samples, including a significant effect of the assessment instrument and subscale used. No significant differences were found for self-reported impulsivity, anger, aggression, or hostility in forensic populations compared to norm scores of non-forensic samples. Possible explanations, including suggestions that forensic populations are prone to providing socially desirable answers on self-report questionnaires, possibly to gain advantages such as a lower prison sentence or to avoid enforced treatment, are discussed, as well as limitations, and suggestions for future research and clinical practice.     

Risk Assessment for Juvenile Justice: A Meta-Analysis

Risk assessment instruments are increasingly employed by juvenile justice settings to estimate the likelihood of recidivism among delinquent juveniles. In concert with their increased use, validation studies documenting their predictive validity have increased in number. The purpose of this study was to assess the average predictive validity of juvenile justice risk assessment instruments and to identify risk assessment characteristics that are associated with higher predictive validity. A search of the published and grey literature yielded 28 studies that estimated the predictive validity of 28 risk assessment instruments. Findings of the meta-analysis were consistent with effect sizes obtained in larger meta-analyses of criminal justice risk assessment instruments and showed that brief risk assessment instruments had smaller effect sizes than other types of instruments. However, this finding is tentative owing to limitations of the literature.     

Regularities in Eyewitness Identification

What do eyewitness identification experiments typically show? We address this question through a meta-analysis of 94 comparisons between target-present and target-absent lineups. The analyses showed that: (a) correct identifications and correct-nonidentifications were uncorrelated, (b) suspect identifications were more diagnostic with respect to the suspect’s guilt or innocence than any other response, (c) nonidentifications were diagnostic of the suspect’s innocence, (d) the diagnosticity of foil identifications depended on lineup composition, and (e) don’t know responses were nondiagnostic with respect to guilt or innocence. Results of diagnosticity analyses for simultaneous and sequential lineups varied for full-sample versus direct-comparison analyses. Diagnosticity patterns also varied as a function of lineup composition. Theoretical, forensic, and legal implications are discussed.     

新风胶囊治疗类风湿关节炎Meta分析

目的 系统评价中药复方新风胶囊（Xinfeng Capsule, XFC）治疗类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis, RA）的临床疗效,为临床应用XFC治疗RA提供指导。方法 通过系统检索中国知网、万方数据、维普网以及PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane数据库,收集XFC治疗RA的随机对照试验,对照组干预措施为来氟米特,应用风险评估工具进行研究质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入文献提取的关节症状和免疫炎症指标进行Meta分析。结果 共检索到567篇文献,最终纳入10篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,XFC组能显著改善关节疼痛（SMD=-1.50,95% CI为-1.69～-1.30,P<0.000 01）、肿胀（SMD=-1.03,95% CI为-1.52～-0.54,P<0.000 1）、晨僵时间（MD=-0.54,95% CI为-0.72～-0.37,P<0.000 01）,降低血沉（SMD=-1.19,95% CI为-2.19～-0.19,P<0.000 01）、血清C-反应蛋白水平（SMD=-1.21,95% CI为-2.02～-0.41,P=0.003）、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体（SMD =-0.79,95% CI为-1.36～-0.23,P=0.006）。结论 现有的证据表明XFC治疗RA具有确切疗效,能显著改善RA患者的关节症状及炎症指标,提高患者生活质量。     

原发性痛经大学生中医体质类型研究的Meta分析

目的 探讨原发性痛经大学生中医体质类型的分布规律,为防治大学生原发性痛经提供循证医学依据。方法 检索国内外文献数据库,纳入大学生原发性痛经与中医体质相关性的研究文献。采用R软件进行横断面研究单个率的Meta分析,采用Review Manager 5.3软件进行有对照数据的Meta分析。结果 共纳入10项研究,共3 327例,其中原发性痛经者2 117例,对照组1 210例。阳虚质、气郁质、平和质、气虚质和血瘀质占原发性痛经大学生的比例分别为25.48%（95% CI 18.04%～34.70%）、24.71%（95% CI 18.97%～31.50%）、19.60%（95% CI 12.33%～29.71%）、17.92%（95% CI 10.18%～29.63%）、14.17%（95% CI 9.03%～21.55%）。病例对照研究的Meta分析显示,阳虚质、气郁质、平和质、气虚质和血瘀质大学生原发性痛经患病风险的OR值分别为2.75（95% CI 1.38～5.47）、2.93（95% CI 1.63～5.25）、0.17（95% CI 0.05～0.59）、1.73（95% CI 1.15～2.59）、2.62（95% CI 0.99～6.92）。结论 阳虚质、气郁质、气虚质和血瘀质是原发性痛经大学生的主要体质类型和原发性痛经的危险因素。     

乌梅方对比单用西药治疗溃疡性结肠炎的Meta分析

目的 探讨单用乌梅方加减治疗溃疡性结肠炎的安全性和有效性。方法 纳入乌梅方加减与单用西药治疗溃疡性结肠炎的随机对照试验,用Cochrane方法评价文献的质量;对疗效（临床疗效、复发率）和不良反应进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入12篇随机对照试验文献,隐蔽、盲法和意向性分析等方面存在不足,均为低质量文献。与单用西药对比,乌梅方加减的临床疗效的RR值为1.17（95% CI为1.10～1.24),差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组复发率、不良反应发生率的差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,RR分别为0.19和0.22。漏斗图分析显示不存在发表偏倚。结论 与单用西药对比,乌梅方治疗溃疡性结肠炎的临床疗效更好,复发率更低,且具有良好的安全性。本研究纳入文献的偏倚较多,需要高质量的随机对照试验支持。     

中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍疗效和安全性的系统评价

目的 系统评价中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的疗效和安全性。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普网、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Cochrane Library、PsycINFO、Embase中所有关于中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍的随机对照试验。根据预先设定的标准由两名研究者独立筛选,使用Review Manager 5.3软件进行纳入研究的偏倚风险评估和Meta分析。结果 最终23项研究共2 314个对象被纳入数据分析,未发现中成药与安慰剂比较的研究。中成药组与哌甲酯组的总有效率比较,差异无统计学意义（RR=1.06,95% CI为0.99～1.13,P=0.08）,但中成药组的不良反应总发生率低于哌甲酯组,差异有统计学意义（RR=0.14,95% CI为0.08～0.24,P<0.000 01）。中成药联合哌甲酯组总有效率高于哌甲酯组,差异有统计学意义（RR=1.17,95% CI为1.07～1.29,P=0.000 5）;两组不良反应总发生率的差异无统计学意义（RR=0.53,95% CI为0.24～1.17,P=0.11）。结论 中成药治疗儿童注意缺陷多动障碍疗效良好且不良反应少,但仍需要设计更合理的高质量随机对照研究,尤其是与安慰剂对照的研究来证实。     

养血清脑颗粒治疗高血压伴随症状的Meta分析

目的 系统评价养血清脑颗粒治疗高血压伴随症状的疗效。方法 采用计算机检索中国知网、万方数据库自建库以来至2013年5月公开发表的与养血清脑颗粒治疗高血压伴随症状相关的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trials, RCTs）,并手工检索相关期刊,对筛选出的文献查找全文,经质量评价最终纳入文献后采用Review Manager 5.0软件进行Meta分析。结果 共纳入10篇文章,共计1 777例患者。Meta分析结果显示：在治疗终点,养血清脑颗粒组高血压伴随头痛、头晕、失眠的疗效优于对照组,有效率的危险比（risk ratio, RR）及其95％可信区间（confidence interval, CI）分别为（RR=1.37;95％ CI：1.27～1.47;P<0.01）、（RR=1.34;95％ CI：1.21～1.48;P<0.01）、（RR=2.20;95％ CI：1.36～3.54;P<0.01）。结论 养血清脑颗粒能显著改善高血压性头痛、头晕、失眠症状,但尚需更多大样本、高质量RCTs进一步验证。