地被菊花粉萌发及花粉活力的研究

用ME的盐类和维生素附加16％聚乙二醇4000(PEG4000)和15％蔗糖对野菊及新红、塞旗红、玫瑰红的花粉进行培养。结果表明，萌发率分别为80．2％、85．3％、61．3％和46．5％。PE‰对菊花萌发有明显促进作用。但庶糖的作用不能被PEG所取代。菊花花粉萌发较合适的温度为10-20℃，在4-8℃时，萌发率及速度迅速降低，35℃萌发虽快。但花粉管短且破裂。在4℃条件下花粉可贮藏4-14d。但不宜干燥贮藏。     

Mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments for lettuce and carrot

Mid-storage hydration-dehydration treatments with medium-vigour lettuce seed very effectively reduced physiological deterioration in storage and ultimately showed better field emergence and final yield. Soaking-drying treatment of high-vigour lettuce seed was not effective. Pre-sowing treatment of medium-vigour lettuce seed, though less effective than mid-storage treatment, gave better field performance, but high-vigour seed did not benefit from the treatment. For carrot, both mid-storage and pre-sowing seed treatments proved beneficial, with the former showing better performance than the latter. Unlike lettuce, well-preserved carrot seed responded positively to the pre-sowing treatment.     

NM－1号抗旱剂的研究

试验结果表明谷子在—１３．９Ｐａ的负压下发芽率只有２４．０％，在—１６．７３Ｐａ时发芽率为１６．３％。用０．５％的ＮＭ—１号抗旱剂包衣后，在—１６．７３Ｐａ的负压下发芽率可达６５．６％，比对照提高４９．３％。同０．５％的ＮＭ—１抗旱剂在大豆现蕾期喷施叶面１次，相对收获株率为１１５．３８％，相对千粒量为１０７．７％，增产率为４０，２７％。玉米在６叶期喷施０．５％的抗旱剂后，饱和亏减少４．０９ｇ，是对照的４３．８１％；干物质积累比对照快６７．１９％，蒸腾系数减少８．３６ｇ。     

NaCl胁迫对4种豆科牧草萌发的影响

为研究盐渍化对4种牧草种子盐胁迫下发芽成苗的影响,探索不同牧草种子盐胁迫下的萌发表现,试验借鉴农作物研究的理论和方法,并在实验室条件下用不同浓度的NaCl溶液对种子进行处理,并观察其萌发特性,以期为生产实践提供有用的依据,减少在生产中的损失,提高草业生产的经济效益。1     

Prepenetration stages in infection of clematis by Phoma clematidina

A detailed study of conidial germination, germ-tube growth and the formation of infection structures in Phoma clematidina , the causal agent of clematis wilt, is described for two clematis varieties differing in disease resistance. On both the resistant and susceptible varieties, the fungus entered leaves and stems by direct penetration of the cuticle, often, but not always, following the formation of infection structures. More germ tubes per conidium were formed on the susceptible host, but these germ tubes were on average shorter than on the resistant host. Although germ tubes regularly entered the plant via trichomes, stomata were not found to be sites of entry. Following penetration of the cuticle of resistant plants, germ-tube growth was sometimes restricted to the subcuticular region, and halo formation occurred at the sites where penetration was attempted. Subcuticular growth and halo formation were not observed on susceptible plants. These observations may partly explain the resistance of small-flowered clematis varieties to P. clematidina .     

4种外源激素处理对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

研究了100~600μg/g赤霉素(GA3)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)、25~100μg/g 6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)和脱落酸(ABA)对羊草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,100~300μg/g GA3和IAA以及25μg/g 6-BA对羊草种子的萌发最终表现为促进作用,总体效果为GA3>IAA>6-BA。当GA3和IAA浓度大于400μg/g或6-BA浓度大于50μg/g时对羊草种子的最终发芽率均表现为不同程度的抑制;25~100μg/g的外源激素ABA对羊草种子萌发没有抑制作用。GA3处理均能显著促进羊草幼苗的伸长,IAA和6-BA则表现为不同程度的抑制作用;GA3、IAA和6-BA 3种促进激素对羊草的根长和根冠比均表现为抑制作用;25~100μg/g ABA对羊草苗长、根长以及根冠比没有显著影响。     

油菜菌核病菌的生物学特性研究

在不同温度、不同ｐＨ值的ＰＤＡ平板上培养油菜菌核病菌核和菌丝块,观察菌核萌发的最适温度和菌丝生长的最适温度、最适ｐＨ值,结果表明菌核萌发的最适温度为２４～２８℃,菌丝生长的最适温度为２０～２８℃,３５℃为菌丝的致死温度,菌丝生长的最适ｐＨ值为４.７～８.５。     

环境因素对芸苔链格孢生长发育的影响

研究结果表明,芸苔链格孢(Alternaria brassicae)在0—35℃下均可萌发,最适温度15—20℃。菌丝在0—30℃下均能生长,最适温度20—25℃;孢子及菌丝的致死温度为50℃,10分钟。该菌对湿度要求较严格,相对湿度在90％以上时孢子才能萌发,最适相对湿度为98％;病菌在相对湿度达93％时可以侵染,98％以上最适。脱落后孢子曝露在室内(相对湿度约63％)经1小时萌发率下降32.4％,4小时下降80％。耐旱能力较差。一般情况下紫外光能促进该菌产孢,但是对某些菌系的促进作用不明显。过长的紫外光照射对该菌产孢不利,照射160分钟孢子萌发率下降近80％。麦芽糖、蔗糖为该菌的最佳碳源;硝态氮、有机氮是该菌的良好氮源。pH值为4—6时有利于分生孢子萌发,强酸、强碱对分生孢子萌发有抑制作用。     

玉米丝黑穗病原菌冬孢子萌发条件研究

通过不同条件对玉米丝黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发率影响的试验研究表明,甲醛处理对玉米丝黑穗病菌冬孢子萌发有明显促进作用,萌发率达88.89%,冬孢子在麦芽糖和水琼脂培养基上萌发率最高达84.49%。在不同温度和pH条件下冬孢子萌发率差异较大。冬孢子在28℃时最适合萌发,达89.67%,在pH为7时萌发率最高达89.02%。     

花山椒花粉生活力研究

研究了温度、硼酸及蔗糖对花山椒(Zanthoxylum piperitum DC)花粉萌发率和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:低温利于花粉活力的保持,低温贮藏的花粉较常温贮藏的花粉生活力、授粉坐果率高;24℃花粉的萌发率较高,花粉管最长,24℃适宜花山椒花粉的萌发生长;0.001%硼酸对花粉的萌发有促进作用;5%~15%蔗糖对花粉的萌发影响不显著;新鲜花粉的生活力及授粉坐果率最高。