68.75%噁酮.锰锌水分散粒剂对柑橘黑点病的防治效果

柑橘黑点病(Diaporthe citri)是危害柑橘最严重的病害之一,每年需要喷施4-5次杀菌剂进行防治,为明确68.75%噁酮.锰锌WG对柑橘果实黑点病的防治效果,分别在浙江黄岩和常山进行了田间试验。结果发现黄岩试验点68.75%噁酮.锰锌WG 500倍全程5次对黑点病的防治效果为84.79%、常山试验点同样药剂800倍全程4次对黑点病的防治效果为74.10%,效果不亚于常规推荐的杀菌剂代森锰锌,说明68.75%噁酮.锰锌WG 500-800倍在柑橘花谢2/3后开始第一次用药,隔20-25天喷施一次,共用药4-5次,可有效防治柑橘黑点病。     

霜脲氰和代森锰锌对马铃薯晚疫病菌的离体活性及混合增效作用

测定霜脲氰、代森锰锌对马铃薯晚疫病菌不同生长发育阶段的毒力,发现霜脲氰抑制马铃薯晚疫病菌菌丝生长的活性明显高于代森锰锌,抑制孢子囊和游动孢子萌发及孢子囊释放游动孢子的活性明显低于代森锰锌;两药抑制游动孢子游动的活性很低。以1∶7、1∶8混配对游动孢子萌发及菌丝生长的抑制表现增效,以1∶1~1∶10混配对抑制孢子囊萌发的增效系数为1.55~5.39,其中1∶5的增效系数高达5.39。     

代森锰锌、乙撑硫脲在大棚、露地黄瓜上的残留动态对比研究

对代森猛锌、乙撑硫脲在大棚、露地黄瓜上的残留动态进行了对比研究。喷药后，代森锰锌在大棚黄瓜上的降解动态方程为Ct=1.058e^-0.1282t，露地为Ct-0.751e^-0.4689t。半衰期分别为5．4d和1．4d。代森猛锌在大棚黄瓜上的降解速率要慢于露地黄瓜。乙撑硫脲在大棚黄瓜上的降解动态方程为Ct= 0.152e^-0.1794t,露地为Ct=0.059e^-0.1366t。半衰期分别为3．0d和5．4d。乙撑硫脲在大棚黄瓜上的降解速度要稍快于露地黄瓜。     

代森锰锌35%水悬浮剂制备

对代森锰锌35%水悬浮剂配方进行了研究。通过流点法缩小润湿分散剂的选择范围,对润湿分散剂、增稠剂等助剂的品种及用量进行了研究。通过大量的复配试验确定了最佳配方:原药35%、润湿分散剂8.5%、增稠剂0.25%、防冻剂4%,消泡剂1%、稳定剂1.5%,去离子水补至100%。     

百菌清、代森锰锌对土壤过氧化氢酶活性的影响

采用高锰酸钾滴定法测定了百菌清、代森锰锌对大棚及农田土壤中过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,两种农药在推荐剂量5倍范围内对过氧化氢酶活性的影响趋势基本相同;对农田土壤的影响明显高于对大棚土壤的影响。大棚土壤中施入百菌清、代森锰锌后,施药量在5倍推荐剂量范围内不会对过氧化氢酶活性产生显著作用;农田土壤中施入同等剂量的百菌清、代森锰锌后,对过氧化氢酶有很强的激活作用。     

4种微生物对烤烟中代森锰锌农药残留及降解动态的影响

为降解农药残留微生物菌剂的研究及制备提供参考,采用田间试验研究阴沟肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌和荧光假单胞菌不同初始菌液量对烤烟中代森锰锌农药残留及降解动态的影响。结果表明:在烤烟旺长期喷施代森锰锌农药后再喷施阴沟肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、恶臭假单胞菌和荧光假单胞菌4种微生物菌液均能有效降解烟叶中代森锰锌农药残留,且喷施的初始菌液量不同其降解效果各异,并均在喷施菌液5d后的降解效果最明显,降解率达90%以上。喷施0.2倍、0.4倍和0.6倍初始菌液量铜绿假单胞菌对代森锰锌农药的降解效果均优于阴沟肠杆菌、荧光假单胞菌和恶臭假单胞菌;并以荧光假单胞菌喷施0.6倍、恶臭假单胞菌喷施0.2倍初始菌液量的降解效果最好,而阴沟肠杆菌喷施0.2倍、0.4倍和0.6倍初始菌液量的降解效果相当。     

代森锰锌的HS—GLC分析技术

对来自代森锰锌产生的ＣＳ２的ＨＳ－ＧＬＣ分析技术做了较详细的分析讨论,结果表明,面空瓶应避免用橡胶瓶盖,其干扰大约为０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ（代森锰锌）手动进样的放空时间要尽可能一致,石油酸可作为ＣＳ２的稀释剂,配制的ＣＳ２母液至少可贮藏１４ｄ。实际检测工作前,需测定代木锰锌标准悬浮液的均匀性和ＣＳ２的转化率。     

代森锰锌对几种蔬菜种子萌发的影响

以代森锰锌为试材,研究了不同浓度代森锰锌对大白菜、小青菜、辣椒、苦瓜、甘蓝、豇豆、胡萝卜和西葫芦种子的发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数的影响.结果表明:1.6～40 mg/L的代森锰锌对辣椒、苦瓜和甘蓝种子的萌发有明显的促进作用;对其它蔬菜种子促进作用不大或有一定的抑制作用.     

Synergistic interaction between BABA and mancozeb in controlling<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phytophthora infestans</Emphasis> in potato and tomato and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudoperonospora cubensis</Emphasis> in cucumber

Spray mixtures consisting of the plant activator BABA (DL-3-aminobutyric acid) and the protectant fungicide mancozeb were significantly more effective than BABA or mancozeb alone in controlling late blight (Phytophthora infestans) in potato and tomato and downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis) in cucumber. A mixture composed of 5 parts BABA and 1 part mancozeb (w/w, a.i.) exhibited a higher synergy factor than the 1+1 or the 1+5 (BABA + mancozeb) mixtures. No synergistic interaction was detected between BABA plus mancozeb in controlling sporangial or cystospore germination, nor mycelial growth ofP. infestans in vitro. The results showed enhanced effect of mancozeb in BABA-induced plants, suggesting, therefore, that lower dosages of this fungicide may be sufficient to control late blight or downy mildew under field conditions. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 15, 2003.     

Ovicidal and nymphicidal effects of some fungicides on the greenhouse whitefly<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trialeurodes vaporariorum</Emphasis>

Eggs and L1 nymphs of the greenhouse whiteflyTrialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Hem.: Aleyrodidae) on bean leaves were directly sprayed with the fungicides maneb and mancozeb at recommended rates for practical use. Strong ovicidal and nymphicidal effects were observed. These fungicides may prove to have practical use for integration in IPM programs for whitefly control, as they also exert low or no toxicity to the whitefly parasitoidEncarsia formosa. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting April, 30, 2004.