A new indolic antiauxin, α-(5,7-dichloroindole-3-)isobutyric acid: its chemical synthesis and biological activity

Summary A new potent antiauxin, -(5,7-dichloroindole-3-)isobutyric acid has been synthesized and shown to inhibit auxin-mediated elongation ofAvena coleoptiles and to stimulate root growth of rice seedlings. Its activity is stronger than -(p-chlorophenoxy)isobutyric acid and is comparable to that of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid, which are typical antiauxins.     

The discovery of antidepressants: A winding path

Summary Modern treatment of mental depression started with the availability of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants. These drugs also contributed to the early development of psychopharmacology. Attempts to improve the anti-tuberculous action of the hydrazine derivative isoniazid by developing derivatives thereof led to the synthesis of iproniazid. Its introduction as the first modern antidepressant was based on three unexpected actions of the drug: MAO-inhibition, reversal of reserpine-induced sedation, and the presence of psychostimulation as a clinical side effect in man. However, the initial success of iproniazid and other MAO inhibitors, hydrazides and non-hydrazides, was curtailed by the occurrence of undesirable side effects such as potentiation of the blood-pressure elevating action of food amines. The tricyclic antidepressants were a development of the class of antihistamines, one of which, chlorpromazine, showed neuroleptic activity. A congener of this compound, imipramine, was discovered by clinical observation to have unexpected antidepressant effects. The clinical success of this drug (which is still in use) led to the development of a successful series of other tricyclic and non-tricyclic antidepressants. Progress in the elucidation of possible mechanisms of the action of the tricyclic compounds has helped this development. Recent advances in basic research have also induced a revival of MAO-inhibitors since, due to the discovery of MAO-subtypes, inhibitors with higher specificity and fewer undesirable side effects are now available.     

Inhibition of the growth of cariogenic bacteria in vitro by plant falvanones

Phytoalexins, defensive compounds produced by plants against microbial infections, were purified fromSophora exigua (Leguminosae) and their growth inhibitory effects on oral cariogenic bacteria were determined in vitro. Among three isolated compounds, 5,7,2,4-tetrahydroxy-8-lavandulylflavanone completely inhibited the growth of oral bacteria including primary cariogenic mutans streptococci, other oral streptococci, actinomycetes, and lactobacilli, at concentrations of 1.56 to 6.25 g/ml.     

含钼杂多酸盐对碳钢缓蚀性能的研究

采用失重法考察了６种具有Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构的含钼杂多酸盐在ＮａＣｌ介质中对碳钢的缓蚀作用。实验表明,所研究的化合物均有一定的缓蚀性能,尤其抑制点蚀效果很好。     

油酸添加剂对硬质合金刀具钴浸出的抑制作用

采用蓖麻油酸和三乙醇胺在不同的比例及实验条件下，合成了四种油酸三乙醇胺酯。分别将这四种物质配制成一定浓度的溶液，作为润滑剂。在车床上用砂轮对YG8硬质合金刀片进行加润滑剂的湿磨削，用KYKY2800型扫描电镜分析刀片表面的主要金属成分的含量。电镜结果表明，使用油酸添加剂对硬质合金刀具中的钴的浸出有明显的抑制作用。     

凝点附近含蜡原油的粘弹性研究

使用控制应力流变仪 ,在原油凝点附近温度区域对大庆原油和胜利原油进行了线性粘弹性应力范围内的小振幅振荡剪切实验。以原油开始出现线性粘弹性应力区间的最高温度作为基准温度定义了相对温度 ,对粘弹性参数进行了分析对比。研究表明 ,大庆原油及胜利原油在各自凝点以上 4℃时 ,均表现出明显的粘弹性特征 ,其损耗角分别为 37.6 6°和 76 .5 5°。在相同的相对温度下 ,大庆原油的弹性特征明显好于胜利原油 ,大庆原油的粘弹性参数对温度的敏感性也明显好于胜利原油。两种原油粘弹性不同的主要原因是其胶质、沥青质含量和析蜡特性不同。凝点温度附近的原油流变性及其随温度的变化规律应该作为确定输油管道进站温度的重要依据 ,目前 ,仅以原油凝点作为确定进站温度的主要依据是不合理的。     

烟草中多酚氧化酶的生理生化特征及其活性控制的研究

对烟草叶中的多酚氧化酶(PPO)进行了部分纯化，对比了叶中PPO在苗期和田间的活性差异，研究了其活性变化规律，发现生长旺盛期PPO活性高于其他时期，研究了烟叶在不同水势条件下PPO活性变化规律，发现水势过高、过低，PPO活性均较低，在一872．78kPa水势条件下，PPO活性最高，所以细胞中的含水量是影响PPO活性的因素之一．研究了PPO在35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃、55℃、60℃、65℃、70℃和75℃等烘烤温度条件下的热敏感性，发现：酶的最适反应温度为35℃；温度由35℃升至75℃，活性逐渐下降，在每一温度下保持5min，活性趋于稳定，用回归法得出了烟叶中PPO的下降百分数与温度之间的关系式．用双倒数作图法比较了NaDiCa、EDTA、巯基乙醇和硫脲4种常用抑制剂对烟叶中PPO活性的抑制强度，结果表明：同一浓度下它们对PPO的抑制强度依次递减，而NaDiCa抑制效率明显高于其他3种抑制剂；CuCl2可以促进PPO活性，用回归法得出了活力增加百分数与二价铜离子浓度的关系式。     

季铵盐水处理剂对A_3钢在模拟油田废水中的缓蚀行为

以一种植物胶与喹啉和吖啶进行反应,试制得具有缓蚀-杀菌功能的阳离子型水处理剂FQ-C、FA-C.这类聚氮杂环季铵盐因含π电子,一方面能在铁表面引起π电子吸附,形成化学吸附膜,起到缓蚀作用;另一方面因含季铵基因而具有杀灭硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)的功能.通过测定这类季铵盐对A_3钢在模拟油田废水中的缓蚀效果,并用X射线衍射等研究方法,证明了试制药剂能有效抑制SRB引起的腐蚀,且药的缓蚀性能与杀菌性能之间有协同作用.     

浮选药剂对浸矿细菌活性的影响

研究了丁基醚醇、乙基黄药和丁胺黑药3种浮选药剂对浸矿细菌活性的影响;进行了脱药和不脱药的铁闪锌矿精矿细菌浸出对比试验.研究结果表明:添加4×10-4 mol/L的丁基醚醇、乙基黄药、丁胺黑药,氧化34 h后,使9 K液体培养基中的Fe2 质量浓度由4.03 g/L分别增加至4.64 g/L, 4.77 g/L和5.91 g/L;浸出35 d后,精矿中锌的浸出率分别为92%和61%,这进一步验证了浮选药剂(丁基醚醇、乙基黄药)对浸矿细菌活性的影响.