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1INTRODUCTIONEcosystem services can be divided into two major cat-egories, one is system function, and the other is sys-tem services and goods provision, which provide not only materials such as food and medicine, but also support and maintenance of whole system. Ecological services contribute to the whole economic system, both directly and indirectly, and consequently repre-sent parts of the total value of our economy system (COSTANZA etal., 1997; GUO etal., 2001). Sustainable d… 相似文献
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The spatial organization of the Chinese petrochemical industry was optimized ac-cording to the status of development of the industry employing linear programming and Ar-cGIS spatial analysis tools. We first identified the indexes of the spatial organization of the petrochemical industry and established a comprehensive evaluation index system that in-cludes four major categories and 11 indicators. The weight of each index was then deter-mined by the analytical hierarchy process. Afterward, taking the 337 Chinese prefecture-level administrations as basic units and scientifically evaluating the potential comprehensive layout coefficients of the cities, 151 prefecture-level administrative units were selected as the basis for the choice of optimization sites with a linear programming model. Secondly, using the 151 prefecture-level administrative units and the maximum-coverage model, the optimal number and spatial distribution of refineries were identified for service radii of 100, 200 and 300 km. Thirdly, considering the actual distribution of China’s refineries, general rules for the number of refinery layout points and objective values were summarized, and 52 refinery layout points were selected for China. Finally, with ArcGIS spatial analysis tools, the spatial effect of the 52 optimal refinery layout points was simulated for the service scope and socioeconomic factors respectively, and the GDP and population data for each refinery layout point were then ex-tracted within the service scope. On this basis and with estimation of the intensity of crude-oil consumption, final results were obtained for the optimal spatial organization of the Chinese refining capacity and ethylene production capacity. 相似文献
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正GDP是国内生产总值的英文缩写,作为反映经济趋势最重要的指标,GDP核算为我国的经济发展做出了重要的贡献,但GDP本身也有缺陷,如侧重于对经济增量的反映,而不能反映经济质量的好坏等。当前,对于GDP及其衍生指标的增加常见诸笔端。经济持续增长并不一定意味着人民生活满意度的增加,中国许多经济学家感到虽然GDP指标为我国经济发展做出了重要而积极贡献,但是没有涵盖一些重要因素,不能全面地反映一个国家的经济活动,于是纷纷寻找一些新的宏观经济指标来作为 相似文献
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南通市地处长江下游北岸,滨江临海,毗邻上海,与苏州隔江相望,江海岸线绵延450公里,土地总面积8001平方公里,耕地面积691万亩。近年来,南通市经济保持持续快速增长,2004年完成国内生产总值1226.06亿元,财政收入138.72亿元。南通市有人口780万,人口密度达到每平方公里975人,人均耕地仅为0.89亩,低于全国平均水平,人多地少矛盾十分突出。近年来,我局在积极探索基本农田保护有效途径过程中,着力以信息化推动基本农田管理现代化,在江苏省率先研制开发了基本农田保护管理信息系统,走出了一条具有南通特色的基本农田长效管理新路子。基本农田保护信… 相似文献
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国内生产总值能够全面反映全社会经济活动的总规模,是衡量一个国家或地区经济实力,评价经济形势的重要综合指标,世界上大多数国家都采用这一指标.研究国内生产总值的构成对研究国民经济有着重要的贡献.国内生产总值有着众多构成要素,其中包括:农业、工业、建筑业、交通运输仓储及邮电通信业、批发零售贸易及餐饮业、房地产业等等.就国内生产总值的6个主要构成要素,在定性分析的基础上运用灰色关联理论对构成因素进行定量的深入分析. 相似文献
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传统的地震灾害损失评估方法需要建立详细的社会财富分类系统,并据此收集数据资料.但在许多地区由于多种复杂因素的存在而使得收集资料十分困难,难以在震前进行科学的震灾预测,且对突然发生的灾难性地震事件常常难以作出快速定量的地震灾害损失估计,从而影响了震灾防御的部署和救灾的快速反应能力.因此,本文提出了利用宏观经济指标(GDP)和人口分布资料进行地震灾害损失预测评估的简便方法,并对收集到的1980~1995年间全球震灾资料进行了分析,从而提出了一种初步的地震灾害损失与地震烈度和社会财富间的非线性关系式.应用所提出的方法进行了几个设定地震的分析研究,初步分析结果表明该简便震灾评估方法的有效性、合理性和可行性. 相似文献