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1.
发展我国冻干蔬菜产业大有可为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文介绍了真空冷冻干燥食品的发展现状、特点及其工艺流程 ,着重讨论了发展冻干食品工业的广阔前景 相似文献
2.
Bhupesh C. Roy Motonobu Goto & Tsutomu Hirose 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(2):137-141
Tomato seed oil was extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide in a semibatch-flow extractor within the temperature range 313–343 K and the pressure range 10.8–24.5MPa. The extraction rates increased with pressure, but decreased with temperature increase because of the variation in solvent density and resultant differences in oil solubility. The fatty acid composition of the extracted oil was similar to that of soybean oil. 相似文献
3.
A new sulfonated melamine–urea–formaldehyde (MUF) resin of relatively low melamine content, prepared according to a sequential formulation, has been shown to be highly effective when coupled with different natural vegetable tannins to produce leather with the same good characteristics of leather prepared with chrome salts. In particular, the antishrinkage effectiveness of the leather prepared according to the new approach is comparable to that obtained with chrome tanned leathers. The comparison of the traditional leather shrinkage temperatures test method with a new thermomechanical analysis (TMA) test method in tension yields thermograms presenting three major modulus of elasticity (MOE) peaks. These are closely connected to molecular level phenomena determining the shrinkage temperature of leather. The three determining parameters appear to be as follows: (1) The average value of the temperatures at which the three MOE peaks occur: the higher the value of this average, the lower is the shrinkage of leather. (2) The average of maximum MOE values of the TMA peaks: the higher this average is, the better is the leather in regard to antishrinkage effectiveness. This means the leather maximum MOE at each peak is a measure of the resistance to the contraction force induced by heat. (3) The relative intensity of the first TMA peak in relation to the second: the higher the value of the MOE for the first TMA peak is in relation to the second peak, the lower the leather shrinkage appears to be. However, it has not been possible to better define or quantify this latter effect. This new TMA test method in tension has also yielded a mathematical relationship correlating the thermogram peak temperatures and MOE averages with the traditional shrinkage temperature to a high degree of confidence. A previous TMA test method, in compression, has proven to yield more problematic and finally not very reliable results when one needs to apply it to a wide variety of different cases. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 1889–1903, 2003 相似文献
4.
纤维表面处理对植物纤维增强水泥的物理力学性能影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
植物纤维增强水泥的力学性能具有湿敏感性,随湿度增加弯曲强度下降幅度较大。本文工作采用的几种浸渍处理纤维表面的方法,有效地改善了这种状况,其中一种经处理的纤维增强水泥较没有处理的对比试样在饱水状态下的弯曲强度提高了67%,气干状态提高了18%,缩小了二者间的差距。 相似文献
5.
When wireless sensor networks (WSN) are deployed in the vegetable greenhouse with dynamic connectivity and interference environment, it is necessary to increase the node transmit power to ensure the communication quality, which leads to serious network interference. To offset the negative impact, the transmit power of other nodes must also be increased. The result is that the network becomes worse and worse, and node energy is wasted a lot. Taking into account the irregular connection range in the cucumber greenhouse WSN, we measured the transmission characteristics of wireless signals under the 2.4 Ghz operating frequency. For improving network layout in the greenhouse, a semi-empirical prediction model of signal loss is then studied based on the measured data. Compared with other models, the average relative error of this semi-empirical signal loss model is only 2.3%. Finally, by combining the improved network topology algorithm and tabu search, this paper studies a greenhouse WSN layout that can reduce path loss, save energy, and ensure communication quality. Given the limitation of node-degree constraint in traditional network layout algorithms, the improved algorithm applies the forwarding constraint to balance network energy consumption and constructs asymmetric network communication links. Experimental results show that this research can realize the energy consumption optimization of WSN layout in the greenhouse. 相似文献
6.
Paresh Chandra Dutta 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(6):659-666
Hydrogenated rapeseed oil/palm oil blend, sunflower oil and high-oleic sunflower oil, and French fries fried in these oils
were assessed for contents of sterol oxidation products. Different oxidation products of phytosterols (7α- and 7β-hydroxy-sito-and
campesterol, 7-ketosito- and 7-ketocampesterol, 5α,6α-epoxy-sito- and campesterol, 5β,6β-epoxy-sito-and campesterol, dihydroxysitosterol
and dihydroxycampesterol) were identified and quantiated by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectroscopy. Rapeseed oil/palm
oil blend contained 41 ppm total sterol oxides before frying operations. After two days of frying, this level was increased
to 60 ppm. Sunflower oil and high-oleic sunflower oil had 40 and 46 ppm sterol oxides, respectively, before frying operations.
After two days of frying operations, these levels increased to 57 and 56 ppm, respectively. In addition to campesterol and
sitosterol oxidation products, small amounts of 7α- and 7β-hydroxystigmasterol were detected in the oil samples. Total sterol
oxides in the lipids of French fries fried at 200°C in rapeseed oil/palm oil blend, sunflower oil, and high-oleic sunflower
oil were 32, 37, and 54 ppm, respectively. The levels of total oxidized sterols, calculated per g sample, ranged from 2.4
to 4.0 ppm. In addition to the content of phytosterol oxides, full scan mass spectra of several oxidation products of stigmasterol
are reported for the first time.
Part of these results were presented at the 86th Annual Meeting of the AOCS, May 7–11, 1995, San Antonio, TX. 相似文献
7.
8.
D. L. Purcell B. T. McClure J. McDonald Hemendra N. Basu 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(3):381-388
An evaluation of the exhaust emissions from a compression ignition engine for fuels composed of 100 and 30% methyl esters
of soy oil (SME) is described. These fuels were compared with a low-sulfur, petroleum #2 diesel fuel in a Caterpillar 3304,
prechamber, 75 kW diesel engine, operated over heavy- and light-duty transient test cycles developed by the United States
Bureau of Mines. More than 60 h of testing was performed on each fuel. The objective was to determine the influence of the
fuels upon diesel particulate matter (DPM) and gaseous emissions. The effect of a modern diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) also
was determined in an effort to minimize emissions. Neat SME produced a higher volatile fraction of the DPM, but much less
carbon soot fraction, leading to overall DPM reductions of 23 to 30% for the light- and heavy-duty transients. The DOC further
reduced the volatile fraction and the total DPM. The SME fuel reduced gaseous emissions of CO by 23% and hydrocarbons by over
30% without increasing NOx. The DOC further reduced CO and hydrocarbon levels. Mutagenicity of the SME exhaust was low. Results indicate that SME fuel,
used with a proper DOC, may be a feasible emission reduction technology for underground mines.
References to specific products do not imply endorsement by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, a now defunct agency. 相似文献
9.
The main biochemical function of the tocopherols is believed to be the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) against
peroxidation. A critical question that must be asked in reference to this is whether there is a biochemical link between the
tocopherol levels and the degree of unsaturation in vegetable oils, the main source of dietary PUFA and vitamin E. We used
a mathematical approach in an effort to highlight some facts that might help address this question. Literature data on the
relative composition of fatty acids (16:0, 16:1, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3) and the contents of tocopherols (α-, β-, δ-,
and γ-tocopherol) in 101 oil samples, including 14 different botanical species, were analyzed by principal-component analysis
and linear regression. There was a negative correlation between α- and γ-tocopherols (r=0.633, P<0.05). Results also showed a positive correlation between linoleic acid (18:2) and α-tocopherol (r=0.549, P<0.05) and suggested a positive correlation between linolenic acid (18:3) and γ-tocopherol. 相似文献
10.
The disposal and re-use of spent bleaching clay from the vegetable oil processing industry is a problem of growing importance.
Although today the only practical way of removal of the spent material is disposal, extraction with organic solvents is a
well-known method of de-oiling contaminated bleaching clay. In our investigations we compare the extractibility of two different
types of bleaching clays with CO2 as a solvent. All experiments were carried out with a high-pressure extraction plant. The extraction and separation conditions,
temperature and pressure, as well as the CO2 mass flow, were varied during experiments. The aim of our investigations was a complete separation of the oil from the adsorbent.
The latter should then be re-used as bleaching clay. The oil and the bleaching clay were analyzed and tested, respectively.
The results show that oil of good quality can be recovered and the bleaching clay still has an activity approximately 50%
of fresh clay. 相似文献