An unsupervised approach to generating generic summaries of documents

We present an optimization-based unsupervised approach to automatic document summarization. In the proposed approach, text summarization is modeled as a Boolean programming problem. This model generally attempts to optimize three properties, namely, (1) relevance: summary should contain informative textual units that are relevant to the user; (2) redundancy: summaries should not contain multiple textual units that convey the same information; and (3) length: summary is bounded in length. The approach proposed in this paper is applicable to both tasks: single- and multi-document summarization. In both tasks, documents are split into sentences in preprocessing. We select some salient sentences from document(s) to generate a summary. Finally, the summary is generated by threading all the selected sentences in the order that they appear in the original document(s). We implemented our model on multi-document summarization task. When comparing our methods to several existing summarization methods on an open DUC2005 and DUC2007 data sets, we found that our method improves the summarization results significantly. This is because, first, when extracting summary sentences, this method not only focuses on the relevance scores of sentences to the whole sentence collection, but also the topic representative of sentences. Second, when generating a summary, this method also deals with the problem of repetition of information. The methods were evaluated using ROUGE-1, ROUGE-2 and ROUGE-SU4 metrics. In this paper, we also demonstrate that the summarization result depends on the similarity measure. Results of the experiment showed that combination of symmetric and asymmetric similarity measures yields better result than their use separately.     

大坝安全监控专家系统中的知识处理

在介绍产生式规则及其数学模型的基础上，论述了用成熟的关系数据库 技术来表示和存储产生式规则表示的专家知识的方法，较好地解决了知识的存储和管理问题 。同时，利用关系数据库中实体间的关系，很容易将分散存储的规则元素组合成规则供推理 时使用。在分析了大坝安全监控专家系统知识特点的基础上举例说明了用关系数据库表 示产生式规则的具体方法。     

长江螺山站高水位流量关系和城陵矶（莲花塘）控制水位的研究

螺山站高水位流量关系是确定长江城陵矶（莲花糖）控制水位的基本依据，从基本的河道水力学规律出发，考虑涨落率修正、瞬时比降修正，计算各时段点的代表性比降，和相应糙率，求出均值，根据断面资料，得出高水位的稳定流曲线，并以各日流量转化的稳定流点，进行验证，精度很好，分析了河段区间流量对螺山站稳定流量的影响。阐明了螺山站稳定流量的变化情况和趋势，推求了各次大洪水的超额洪量，计算出莲花糖以上的总入流，根据现今的湖区及槽蓄容积进行洪水演进，计算1954年特大洪水的超额洪量，并分析节三峡水库拦洪后对长江中下游超额水量的影响；对莲花塘不同防洪控制水位进行了技术经济分析和评价，提出了抬高控制水位的具体建议。     

条件概率关系数据库模型

现实世界中大量存在着的不确定性信息，关系数据库模型仅视它们为空值，有必要增强其处理这类信息的能力，文章在总结前人工作的基础上推广关系数据库模型，创建有效处理随机型不确定性信息的条件概念关系数据库模型，该模型通过在关系模式中增加一个条件概率测度属性，为每条记录指定适当的条件概率的途径，来表示不确定性信息。文中以对象码为基本工具，创建了条件概率关系结构；以特征函数为基本工具，定义了一套基于该结构的代数运算规则。条件概率的语意比概率的语意广泛，灵活，因而该模型能有效克服概率关系模型的许多不足。     

Empirical comparison of image retrieval color similarity methods with human judgment

It is important to verify assumptions and methods of image retrieval against actual human behavior. A study was conducted to compare similarity methods of color histograms against human assessment of similarity. The similarity methods tested include basic histogram intersection, center histogram matching, locality histogram matching, and size-weighted histogram matching. 161 subjects participated in the empirical study. The findings, based on Spearman correlation analysis, showed that both the basic histogram intersection method and size-weighted histogram are very close to human assessment of similarity (Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.915). The other two are not close to human judgment on similarity. This study illustrates an alternative approach to evaluating matching algorithms. Unlike the usual measures of recall and precision, this approach emphasizes human validation. Fewer images are required with the use of statistical testing.     

从关联分析法看如何改善沥青抗老化性能

用灰色关联分析法研究了沥青抗老化性能与沥青化学组成之间的关联程度，结果表明，影响再生沥青性质的主要因素是沥青中的芳烃和胶质的含量。通过添加芳香组分能改善沥青四组分之间的配伍性，从而可以改善再生沥青的抗老化性能。并通过对再生剂进行富芳处理，验证了上述结论。     

Configurational and nonconfigurational interactions between odorants in binary mixtures.

Studies on odor mixture perception suggest that although odor components can often be identified in mixtures, mixtures can also give rise to novel perceptual qualities that are not present in the components. Using an olfactory habituation task, the authors evaluated how the perceptual similarity between components in a mixture affects the perceptual quality of the mixture itself. Rats perceived binary mixtures composed of similar components as different from their 2 components, whereas binary mixtures composed of dissimilar components were perceived as very similar to their components. Results show that for both types of mixtures, pretraining to Component A reduces subsequent learning about Component B in rats trained in the presence of A. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The Einstein relation in nanostructured materials: simplified theory and suggestion for experimental determination

An attempt is made to study the Einstein relation for the diffusivity–mobility ratio (DMR) in quantum wells (QWs) and quantum well wires (QWWs) of tetragonal compounds on the basis of a newly formulated electron energy spectrum taking into account the combined influences of the anisotropies in effective electron mass, the spin–orbit splitting, and the presence of crystal field splitting, respectively. The results for quantum-confined III–V compounds form a special case of our generalized analysis. The DMR has also been studied for QWs and QWWs of II–VI and IV–VI materials. Taking QWs and QWWs of CdGeAs₂, InAs, CdS and PbSe as examples, it was found that the DMR increases with increasing carrier statistics and decreasing film thickness respectively in various oscillatory manners emphasizing the influence of dimensional quantizations and the energy band constants in different cases. An experimental method of determining the DMR in nanostructures with arbitrary dispersion laws has also been suggested and the present simplified analysis is in agreement with the suggested relationship. The well-known results for nanostructures with parabolic energy bands have also been obtained as special cases from this generalized analysis under certain limiting conditions.     

Category Norms as a Function of Culture and Age: Comparisons of Item Responses to 105 Categories by American and Chinese Adults.

Understanding how aging influences cognition across different cultures has been hindered by a lack of standardized, cross-referenced verbal stimuli. This study introduces a database of such item-level stimuli for both younger and older adults, in China and the United States, and makes 3 distinct contributions. First, the authors specify which item categories generalize across age and/or cultural groups, rigorously quantifying differences among them. Second, they introduce novel, powerful methods to measure between-group differences in freely generated ranked data, the rank-ordered logit model and Hellinger Affinity. Finally, a broad archive of tested, cross-linguistic stimuli is now freely available to researchers: data, similarity measures, and all stimulus materials for 105 categories and 4 culture-by-age groups, comprising over 10,000 fully translated unique item responses. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

建筑制图标准中图形符号适宜性、区分性的研究

应用线段长短、间距大小视觉反应的量化规律，提出设计图形符号大小的原则——既更使其大小满足“长”“短”“大”“小”的心理要求，又要互相之间在大小上有区分性。根据图形组织的相似、接近、连续三原则提出设计图形符号形状的原则——图形符号之间尽量减少相似、接近、连续，以保证较好的区分性。通过分析发现，现行建筑制图标准中的图形符号绝大部分在大小和形状具有适宜性、区分性。