为了满足使用者需求而设计——上海地铁研究·使用者需求

在上海地铁研究中,我们发现了许多使用者的不满。这些不满来自于设计师对使用者的缺乏了解和缺乏关注。通过对上海地铁真实的使用者、真实的地点和真实的时间的调研,我们分析出25项上海地铁使用者的需求。并提出希望设计师能够从这些使用者的需求出发,去作为使用者带来良好体验的设计。     

Leveraging clustering approaches to solve the gray-sheep users problem in recommender systems

Recommender systems apply data mining and machine learning techniques for filtering unseen information and can predict whether a user would like a given item. This paper focuses on gray-sheep users problem responsible for the increased error rate in collaborative filtering based recommender systems. This paper makes the following contributions: we show that (1) the presence of gray-sheep users can affect the performance – accuracy and coverage – of the collaborative filtering based algorithms, depending on the data sparsity and distribution; (2) gray-sheep users can be identified using clustering algorithms in offline fashion, where the similarity threshold to isolate these users from the rest of community can be found empirically. We propose various improved centroid selection approaches and distance measures for the K-means clustering algorithm; (3) content-based profile of gray-sheep users can be used for making accurate recommendations. We offer a hybrid recommendation algorithm to make reliable recommendations for gray-sheep users. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to propose a formal solution for gray-sheep users problem. By extensive experimental results on two different datasets (MovieLens and community of movie fans in the FilmTrust website), we showed that the proposed approach reduces the recommendation error rate for the gray-sheep users while maintaining reasonable computational performance.     

基于GPS/GIS的公共安全监测系统的研究

GPS技术在公共安全监测领域中的应用正向高精度、实时化和自动化的方向发展。GPS公共安全监测不仅注重结果,还要分析产生变形的原因。要实现这一目标,就需要借助于G IS的空间分析功能,即需要建立一种基于GPS/G IS的公共安全监测系统。研究了GPS监测的似单差数学模型和算法流程,由于该模型只用到L1载波相位观测值及伪距,因此可适用于单频接收机,从而降低监测成本。同时,结合GPS公共安全监测的特点,提出了GPS/G IS公共安全监测系统的技术路线。     

多尺度空间特征提取的脊柱图像拼接算法

针对脊柱图像视野有限,提出一种基于优化MSFE的脊柱图像自动拼接算法。设计出一种基于尺度因子变化的高斯卷积模板尺寸自适应调整以及双向配对办法;相似性度量采用城市距离;利用RANSAC算法去除错配,从而确定待拼接图像之间的变换参数,最后利用加权平均对图像融合。对实际取得的多幅脊柱图像拼接结果表明该算法具有很好的实时性和鲁棒性。     

Adaptive training interfaces for less-experienced,elderly users of electronic devices

A great number of complex electronic devices are now part of our everyday lives. While many of us learn to handle these products by trial and error; others, especially older users with little experience in using electronic devices, need support. In order to allow the user maximum flexibility in terms of learning time and location, a training programme is presented which is implemented as part of the software embedded in the product itself. Particular focus is placed on the effect of adaptive training on learning. In this study, the training versions differed in their ability to adjust their complexity to the user's experience (adaptive user interface complexity) and their capability to support the learner by prompting them during the learning process (adaptive training advice). The results show that the adjustment of complexity had a positive effect on users’ experience: elderly users who trained with an adaptive interface were more successful in learning to use a mobile phone. Adaptive training advice, however, was found to have no significant effects on learners’ success and reduced their self-efficacy. This work offers guidelines on how to design integrated training applications for electronic devices that successfully help elderly users with little prior experience.     

基于模糊聚类分析中布尔矩阵法的一种改进算法

为避免布尔矩阵法中当截矩阵不是等价矩阵时需要对布尔矩阵重新构造才能实现分类,引入了分类对象间相似比的概念,引进了聚类分析中的布尔矩阵法.实例证明,与传统的几种分类方法的分类结果相比,改进算法得出的分类结果比较符合实际情况,更易让人接受和理解.     

Similarity model tests of movement and deformation of coal-rock mass below stopes

For a study of the movement and deformation of coal-rock mass and low protected seams below a stope,as well as for fracture developments and rules of evolution of permeability,we designed a plane strain model test stand to carry out model tests of similar materials in order to improve the effect of gas drainage from low protected seams and to measure the movement and deformation of coal-rock mass using a method of non-contact close-range photogrammetry.Our results show that 1) using paraffin melting to take the place of coal seam mining can satisfy the mining conditions of a protective seam;2) coal-rock mass under goafs has an upward movement after the protective seam has been mined,causing floor heaving;3) low protected seams become swollen and deformed,providing a good pressure-relief effect and causing the coal-rock mass under both sides of coal pillars to become deformed by compression and 4) the evolution of permeability of low protected seams follows the way of initial values→a slight decrease→a great increase→stability→final decrease.Simultaneously,the coefficient of air permeability increased at a decreasing rate with an increase in interlayer spacing.     

基于正交试验的固液耦合相似材料研究

为了研究矿井突水演化规律,通过正交试验研制出一种能同时满足固体力学与水理性的固液耦合相似材料,该相似材料以河沙为骨料、水泥和大白粉为胶结剂、液体石蜡和淀粉为调节剂。采用极差分析法和方差分析法,研究了河沙粒径、水泥含量、大白粉含量、液体石蜡含量及淀粉含量5个因素对相似材料性质的影响规律。结果表明:两种方法得到的结果基本一致;河沙粒径对相似材料密度及渗透系数起主要控制作用,对吸水率和软化系数影响较小;水泥含量对相似材料强度起主要控制作用,对软化系数也有较大影响;液体石蜡对相似材料吸水率的影响大于其他因素,对强度影响极不显著。并通过相似模拟试验对该相似材料的可靠性进行了验证,模拟效果良好,揭示了采动过程中导水裂隙发育规律。     

Probability-based location anonymity algorithm

As one of the most effective location privacy preservation technologies, the k-anonymity model provides safeguards for location privacy of the mobile client against vulnerabilities for abuse by constructing an anonymous area of k users including the protected one. However, most existing k-anonymity models only utilize the users who are sending requests at recent time. If there are not enough requesting users, the generated anonymous area of the k-anonymity model will be larger than expected. In this paper, a Probability-based Location Anonymity (PLA) algorithm is proposed for protecting location privacy of the mobile users in a road network. The PLA model takes advantage of the historical path track of the users who are not sending the request currently, and then computes the probability into the anonymous section so that it can greatly reduce the size of the anonymous area. Experimental results show that the PLA algorithm is superior to the k-anonymity and it increases its anonymous efficiency enormously.     

非时隙结构认知无线网络中非授权用户传输时延分析

在非时隙结构认知无线网络中,以随机侦听多址方案为基础构建了系统的数学模型,利用柯尔莫哥洛夫费勒前向方程得出系统的稳态概率,并采用拉普拉斯斯帝尔阶斯变换推导出非授权用户数据包的平均传输时延.数值分析表明,信道忙的概率和平均退避时间与传输时延呈正比关系,不同的载波侦听多址方案对传输时延影响很大,其中全侦听多址方案的传输时延最小.