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1.
Patrick DAstous Franoise Dtienne Willemien Visser Pierre N. Robillard 《Design Studies》2004,25(6):625-655
By contrast to design meetings, design evaluation meetings (DEMs) have generally been considered as situations in which, according to DEM methodologies, design activities are quite marginal. In a study of DEMs in software development, i.e. in technical review meetings following a particular review methodology, we showed: (i) the occurrence of design activities as part of an argumentation process; (ii) the relative importance of cognitive synchronisation as a prerequisite for evaluation; (iii) the important role played in evaluation by argumentation that makes explicit the underlying design rationale (DR). On the basis of our results, we discuss the potential for using DR methodologies in this kind of meetings. 相似文献
2.
M. Bennahmias H. B. Radousky T. J. Goodwin R. N. Shelton 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1993,22(10):1189-1193
Magnetic characterization has been performed on the members of the cuprateniobate RBa2Cu2NbO8 (R = Pr, Nd, and La) series and R1.5Ce0.5Sr2Cu2NbO10 (R = Pr, Eu, Nd, and Sm) series. The PrBCNO samples show a signature in the magnetization of a magnetic ordering at 12K.
The PrCSCNO sample is nonsuperconducting and shows two distinct orderings at 17K and 53K. No such magnetic phase transition
is observed down to 2K in the Nd and La based RBCNO materials or the Nd, Sm, and Eu based RCSCNO materials. Measurements of
the lower critical field curve, dc irreversibility line, and critical curent densities are reported for each of the superconducting
NdCSCNO, SmCSCNO, and EuCSCNO compounds. 相似文献
3.
Collaborative work is an important part of tertiary education but it is very difficult to arrange and supervise for extremely large classes of students in their first year. The possibility that computer-mediated communication can be used to facilitate this type of learning is appealing from a pragmatic organisational point of view. This paper explains in detail what a ‘virtual team’ is in the educational context. It reports on an interpretive field study where students taking an introductory course were allowed to choose where and when they did the required collaborative work. The paper discusses the factors that should be taken into account when offering students the option of working as a virtual team. These include factors that influence the students’ choice. The project cannot be considered to have been successful but indicates reasons for the lack of success and suggests contexts in which it would be valuable to repeat the project. The importance of extensive preparation in terms of teaching the students necessary social and technological skills cannot be over emphasised. 相似文献
4.
The State of the Art in Text Filtering 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper develops a conceptual framework for text filtering practice and research, and reviews present practice in the field.
Text filtering is an information seeking process in which documents are selected from a dynamic text stream to satisfy a relatively
stable and specific information need. A model of the information seeking process is introduced and specialized to define text
filtering. The historical development of text filtering is then reviewed and case studies of recent work are used to highlight
important design characteristics of modern text filtering systems. User modeling techniques drawn from information retrieval,
recommender systems, machine learning and other fields are described. The paper concludes with observations on the present
state of the art and implications for future research on text filtering.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
本工作用XRD,EPMA,SEM等测试技术计算和示出了用不同活性粉料制备的Ba(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3微波陶瓷晶格中B位离子有序度和元素的面分布情况,对它们在X面下的电行为作了探讨。实验结果表明,BMT陶瓷的微波损耗主要与其密度有序度和微观结构的均一度有关。 相似文献
6.
7.
This paper analyses the collaborative design ofa high-technology product, a neuromagnetometerused in the analysis of the activity of thehuman cortex. The producer, Neuromag Company istrying to transform the device from a basicresearch instrument into a means of clinicalpractice. This transition is analyzed as asimultaneous evolution of the product,producer-user network and user activities. Thenetwork is analyzed as a network of activitysystems. Each activity has a historicallyformed object and a motive of its own, as wellas a system of cultural means and expertise. Weuse these to explain and understand theinterests and points of view of the actors inrelation to the product and the contradictionsof the producer-user network. It is suggestedthat the emerging user needs of collectiveactors must be analyzed at three levels. At thefirst level, the use value of the product, itscapacity of solving the vital problems andchallenges of developing user activities, ischaracterized. The second-level analysisconcerns the creation and development of thenecessary complementary tools and services thatmake the implementation and use of the productpossible. This task presupposes collaborationbetween several communities of the innovationnetwork. The third level is the situatedpractical use of the product. In ourexperience, it is advantageous that researcherscontribute with their data to a dialogue inwhich the user needs are articulated. 相似文献
8.
Gijsbert Erkens Jeroen Janssen 《International Journal of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning》2008,3(4):447-470
Although protocol analysis can be an important tool for researchers to investigate the process of collaboration and communication,
the use of this method of analysis can be time consuming. Hence, an automatic coding procedure for coding dialogue acts was
developed. This procedure helps to determine the communicative function of messages in online discussions by recognizing discourse
markers and cue phrases in the utterances. Five main communicative functions are distinguished: argumentative, responsive, informative, elicitative, and imperative. A total of 29 different dialogue acts are specified and recognized automatically in collaboration protocols. The reliability
of the automatic coding procedure was determined by comparing automatically coded dialogue acts to hand-coded dialogue acts
by a human rater. The validity of the automatic coding procedure was examined using three different types of analyses. First,
an examination of group differences was used (dialogue acts used by female versus male students). Ideally, the coding procedure
should be able to distinguish between groups who are likely to communicate differently. Second, to examine the validity of
the automatic coding procedure through examination of experimental intervention, the results of the automatic coding procedure
of students, with access to a tool that visualizes the degree of participation of each student, were compared to students
who did not have access to this tool. Finally, the validity of the automatic coding procedure of dialogue acts was examined
using correlation analyses. Results of the automatic coding procedure of dialogue acts of utterances (form) were related to
results of a manual coding procedure of the collaborative activities to which the utterances refer (content). The analyses
presented in this paper indicate promising results concerning the reliability and validity of the automatic coding procedure
for dialogue acts. However, limitations of the procedure were also found and discussed. 相似文献
9.
Jane Pitcher 《Urban Policy and Research》2006,24(1):67-82
This article explores the role of qualitative and collaborative methods when undertaking evaluation research into local community safety partnerships and neighbourhood strategies. It draws on recent examples of research and evaluation studies of regeneration and community safety programmes in a number of cities and towns in England. The discussion is set against the background of the major changes in policy relating to crime and community safety, particularly the introduction of Crime and Disorder Partnerships and their engagement with local communities. The value of qualitative methods in exploring some key questions is discussed, particularly within a collaborative approach to policy research. 相似文献
10.