高可用度的冗余UPS

简述通信行业标准《通信局(站)电源系统总技术要求》(YD/T1051)对UPS可用度的要求,介绍适用于电信系统的高可用度冗余UPS。     

特种车辆维修空间可达性评价方法研究

可达性作为维修性的定性指标,缺少定量评价的方法。传统方法只针对装备的整体进行定性评价,不能对不同的等级维修和单个维修动作进行评价。通过对维修性设计中的结构性因素进行分析,得到了空间可达性的主要影响因素。在虚拟维修仿真平台的基础上对工具旋转角度和作业空间比进行了量化评分,给出了针对维修作业过程中单个零部件拆卸的空间可达性评价方法。单个动作评价方法为等级维修的整体空间可达性评价提供了数据基础,并为新型特种车辆的维修方案论证和研制的空间可达性评价提供了手段。     

Safety-based availability assessment at design stage

The availability of a system or equipment is one of the crucial characteristics that measures the customer satisfaction and strongly influences his final choice decision between concurrent products. The aim of this work is to provide an approach to improve the products availability assessment by taking into account the safety criteria by considering the use situations at design stage. Our work focuses on the routine design of complex products. The availability is often simply estimated considering reliability and maintainability. Basically, the intrinsic availability is the probability that it is operating satisfactorily at any point in time when used under conditions stated by design specifications. The time considered includes operating time and active repair time. Thus, intrinsic availability excludes from consideration all other times in the product lifecycle such as: accident management time, storage time, administrative time or logistic time. But many studies show that the loss of availability performance is also due to accidents that occur in different unforeseeable utilization situations. This engenders stops of the system to ensure the users safety according to standards recommendations. In this purpose, we consider the structural product architecture and the different use cases that correspond to the operational states and downtimes due to stop events that may happen during the utilization like failures, maintenance tasks and accidents. Then, we propose a product behavioral analysis including the use cases to describe interactions between the product and users or maintenance operators. We use Markov chains to model the use cases corresponding to operating time (OT), maintenance time (MT) and preparing time after accidents (RT). Then these three parameters are considered to specify a generic approach to improve the availability assessment. Such an approach provides the traceability of the product behavior along its lifecycle. In this way, the main causes of stop can be identified and this may guide the designer for improving the availability of the product future versions. To validate our approach, an application is presented considering a printing line. The comparison of our simulation considering an industrial case study shows a good agreement about the influence of safety on the availability.     

美军RMS试验与评价的做法与启示

武器装备RMS试验与评价是提高装备的战备完好性、提升我军装备作战性能的重要手段。本文引进了美军在RMS试验与评价方面先进的理论,分别分析了RMS试验与评价的过程、内容、组织机构和特点。最后结合我军的实际情况,总结了我军在RMS试验与评价方面的一些问题,并得出了几点启示,对我军今后开展装备RMS试验与评价工作提供借鉴和参考。     

基于小型无人飞行器的CAN总线余度技术研究

随着航空技术和微电子技术的发展,航空电子系统朝着综合化、智能化、模块化、标准化和系统化的方向发展,CAN总线由于其低成本、协议开放、实现简单、速率快、挂接节点多的特点得到了广泛应用,而这又对其可靠性提出了新的要求;由于飞行器上的众多设备均作为节点挂在CAN总线上,如果总线出现故障会对飞行器的安全带来灾难性的后果;作者在对CAN总线模型进行分析的基础上提出一种双余度CAN总线模型,并给出了实现方法,经过实践验证,该方法切实可行,并显著提高了系统可靠性.     

基于GTST-DMLD的装备RMS综合仿真研究

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和全寿命周期费用的关键因素.针对现有RMS仿真方法中存在的问题,以GTST-DMLD作为建模工具,建立起装备功能、装备构成、维修保障系统三者之间关系的描述模型,将其作为装备RMS综合仿真模型的重要组成部分,用于描述部件故障对任务执行的影响和故障部件维修对保障资源的需求.从任务成功的角度出发,构造了基于GTST-DMLD的装备RMS综合仿真模型,制定了仿真流程和仿真算法.以舰船推进系统为例,建立起舰船推进系统的GTST-DMLD描述模型并进行了软件设计,通过仿真试验,得到了反映舰船推进系统RMS设计特性的统计值.GTST-DMLD的引入为构造大型复杂装备的RMS综合仿真系统提供了简单易行的方法,对于RMS指标设计的优化有重要的现实意义.     

Subjective evaluation of software evolvability using code smells: An empirical study

This paper presents the results of an empirical study on the subjective evaluation of code smells that identify poorly evolvable structures in software. We propose use of the term software evolvability to describe the ease of further developing a piece of software and outline the research area based on four different viewpoints. Furthermore, we describe the differences between human evaluations and automatic program analysis based on software evolvability metrics. The empirical component is based on a case study in a Finnish software product company, in which we studied two topics. First, we looked at the effect of the evaluator when subjectively evaluating the existence of smells in code modules. We found that the use of smells for code evaluation purposes can be difficult due to conflicting perceptions of different evaluators. However, the demographics of the evaluators partly explain the variation. Second, we applied selected source code metrics for identifying four smells and compared these results to the subjective evaluations. The metrics based on automatic program analysis and the human-based smell evaluations did not fully correlate. Based upon our results, we suggest that organizations should make decisions regarding software evolvability improvement based on a combination of subjective evaluations and code metrics. Due to the limitations of the study we also recognize the need for conducting more refined studies and experiments in the area of software evolvability.

Design of parts and manufacturing systems for reliability and maintainability

The design of parts and manufacturing systems can be viewed from different perspectives. This paper discusses the design of parts and manufacturing systems from reliability and maintainability perspectives. A convenient method of considering reliability and maintainability is through the use of design rules which are based on empirical and theoretical knowledge. Four design rules for improvement of reliability and maintainability of systems are presented. The design rules are proven and substantiated with numerical results. The relationship between the design for reliability and maintainability rules and design for manufacturing process rules is discussed.     

机械维修性的数量特征

维修性是机械设备的一个重要特性。就其数学模型、维修时间的分布与参数、维修周期的确定及维修性分配等问题进行定量分析 ,以便更合理地进行机械设备维修决策和设计     

维修性设计工具与PDM系统的集成技术研究

该文提出了基于PDM的维修性设计工具集成总体框架,探讨了如何在PDM环境下配置维修性设计分析环境并建立了基于产品结构树的集成维修性信息主模型,为维修性设计工具与PDM的集成提供了解决方案。