Knowledge-Based Virtual Modeling and Simulation of Manufacturing Processes for Industry 4.0

Abstract

Industry 4.0 aims at providing a digital representation of a production landscape, but the challenges in building, maintaining, optimizing, and evolving digital models in inter-organizational production chains have not been identified yet in a systematic manner. In this paper, various Industry 4.0 research and technical challenges are addressed, and their present scenario is discussed. Moreover, in this article, the novel concept of developing experience-based virtual models of engineering entities, process, and the factory is presented. These models of production units, processes, and procedures are accomplished by virtual engineering object (VEO), virtual engineering process (VEP), and virtual engineering factory (VEF), using the knowledge representation technique of Decisional DNA. This blend of the virtual and physical domains permits monitoring of systems and analysis of data to foresee problems before they occur, develop new opportunities, prevent downtime, and even plan for the future by using simulations. Furthermore, the proposed virtual model concept not only has the capability of Query Processing and Data Integration for Industrial Data but also real-time visualization of data stream processing.     

"一步建站"Web管理系统的探讨和实现

“一步建站”Web管理系统是指通过Web界面一次性提交用户资料，系统自动完成为上网建站用户开通虚拟服务器、进行域名解析、创建FTP维护账号及指定租用硬盘空间大小等一系列操作。同时，该系统还可对已开通的用户站点进行管理。     

The HORSE framework: A reference architecture for cyber-physical systems in hybrid smart manufacturing

In the Industry 4.0 era, manufacturers strive to remain competitive by using advanced technologies such as collaborative robots, automated guided vehicles, augmented reality support and smart devices. However, only if these technological advancements are integrated into their system context in a seamless way, they can deliver their full potential to a manufacturing organization. This integration requires a system architecture as a blueprint for positioning and interconnection of the technologies. For this purpose, the HORSE framework, resulting from the HORSE EU H2020 project, has been developed to act as a reference architecture of a cyber-physical system to integrate various Industry 4.0 technologies and support hybrid manufacturing processes, i.e., processes in which human and robotic workers collaborate. The architecture has been created using design science research, based on well-known software engineering frameworks, established manufacturing domain standards and practical industry requirements. The value of a reference architecture is mainly established by application in practice. For this purpose, this paper presents the application and evaluation of the HORSE framework in 10 manufacturing plants across Europe, each with its own characteristics. Through the physical deployment and demonstration, the framework proved its goal to be basis for the well-structured design of an operational smart manufacturing cyber-physical system that provides horizontal, cross-functional management of manufacturing processes and vertical control of heterogeneous technologies in work cells. We report on valuable insights on the difficulties to realize such systems in specific situations. The experiences form the basis for improved adoption, further improvement and extension of the framework. In sum, this paper shows how a reference architecture framework supports the structured application of Industry 4.0 technologies in manufacturing environments that so far have relied on more traditional digital technology.     

Towards sustainable industry 4.0: A green real-time IIoT multitask scheduling architecture for distributed 3D printing services

As the keystones of the personalized manufacturing, the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) consolidated with 3D printing pave the path for the era of Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing. By resembling the age of craft manufacturing, Industry 4.0 expedites the alteration from mass production to mass customization. When distributed 3D printers (3DPs) are shared and collaborated in the IIoT, a promising dynamic, globalized, economical, and time-effective manufacturing environment for customized products will appear. However, the optimum allocation and scheduling of the personalized 3D printing tasks (3DPTs) in the IIoT in a manner that respects the customized attributes submitted for each model while satisfying not only the real-time requirements but also the workload balancing between the distributed 3DPs is an inevitable research challenge that needs further in-depth investigations. Therefore, to address this issue, this paper proposes a real-time green-aware multi-task scheduling architecture for personalized 3DPTs in the IIoT. The proposed architecture is divided into two interconnected folds, namely, allocation and scheduling. A robust online allocation algorithm is proposed to generate the optimal allocation for the 3DPTs. This allocation algorithm takes into consideration meeting precisely the customized user-defined attributes for each submitted 3DPT in the IIoT as well as balancing the workload between the distributed 3DPs simultaneously with improving their energy efficiency. Moreover, meeting the predefined deadline for each submitted 3DPT is among the main objectives of the proposed architecture. Consequently, an adaptive real-time multi-task priority-based scheduling (ARMPS) algorithm has been developed. The built ARMPS algorithm respects both the dynamicity and the real-time requirements of the submitted 3DPTs. A set of performance evaluation tests has been performed to thoroughly investigate the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results proved the robustness and scalability of the proposed architecture that surpasses its counterpart state-of-the-art architectures, especially in high-load environments.     

低能耗蓝牙4.0协议原理与实现方法

介绍了最新的蓝牙技术规范4.0协议中低能耗部分的协议原理以及协议架构。讨论了在分层结构通信协议实现中遇到的主要问题和应对的策略。结合通信协议实现的通常策略,讨论了低能耗蓝牙4.0协议实现的方法与策略。     

A GRASP × ELS approach for the job-shop with a web service paradigm packaging

The Job-Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) is well known for its complexity as an NP-hard disjunctive scheduling problem. The problem addressed in this paper is JSSPs with an objective of minimizing makespan while satisfying a number of hard constraints. An efficient GRASP × ELS approach is introduced for solving this problem. The efficiency is evaluated using the widely known 40 Laurence’s instances which encompass medium and large scale instances. The computational results prove that the proposed method competes with the best published methods in both quality of results and computational time. Recently, Web services have generated great interest in researchers. Such application architecture is based on the client–server model using existing Internet protocols and open standards. It provides new approaches to optimization methods. The proposed GRASP × ELS is packaged into a Web Service (WS), i.e., it offers for the research community an open access to our optimization approach. Moreover, the proposed web service can be even included in research future works with a very small programming effort.To favor utilization of the web service and to prove the facility in which the service could be used, we provide an example in Java proving that it is possible to obtain in less than 10 min a client application using the different methods exposed by this web service. Such usage extends to classical library inclusion in program with the difference that a method is called in the client side and represents an execution on the server.The Web Service paradigm is a new approach in spreading algorithms and therefore this paper stands at the crossroads of optimization research community and the web service community expectations. The GRASP × ELS provided in the web service, is a state of the art method which competes with previously published ones and which has the advantage of being available for free, in any languages, everywhere contributing in spreading operational research contribution.     

关于非法入侵网站的取证分析

文章针对黑客攻击网站以及网页挂马介绍了网站入侵取证的模式和方法（包括IIS日志分析）。通过对实际案例的分析、比较,详细描述了如何开展日常的入侵取证工作。文章对同行业的入侵取证工作具有较好的借鉴和参考作用。     

Observer模式在．NET多线程并行计算中的应用

对观察者（Observer）设计模式进行了分析,并利用．NET框架对其进行了改进;基于．NET Framework4．0,将改进后的模型应用到多线程并行程序的设计中,从而简化了开发过程,并且使系统结构更清晰,便于扩展和维护。     

SSL及其在校园网WEB系统安全中的应用研究

WEB是校园网中基本网络应用之一,也是最重要的应用系统。正因如此,WEB站点较易成为被攻击的目标,其安全的重要性不言而喻。由于Windows网络操作系统简捷易用,长期以来已为大多计算机用户所熟知,也是许多网络管理者建立网站的首先对象。因为多种因素制约,许多网站采用了相对简单易用的服务器架构,由此导致网站的安全性也参差不齐,很多用户的服务器都面临着一定的安全问题。本文在对IIS认证技术进行分析的基础上,提出了SSL认证解决方案。     

校园网Web服务器的安全配置及防范对策

随着网络技术的快速发展,校园网Web服务器的安全越来越受到人们的重视,该文从Windows Server 2003操作系统、IIS6、ASP.NET和SQL Server 2000数据库管理系统等多方面详细阐述了校园网Web服务器的安全配置,并提出了一些防范对策。