聚合物熔体在圆锥短口模的挤出胀大方程

深入讨论了聚合物熔体在不同长径比、不同角度圆锥短口模的挤出胀大现象及机理，利用生产用挤出机进行不同角度的圆锥短口模实验。结果表明，圆锥短口模挤出过程中，熔体在收敛流道受到拉伸流变，导致强烈的入口弹性效应，表现为熔体在短口模挤出时显著的挤出胀大。理论和实验研究结果进一步表明不同圆锥口模入口角对实验材料表现出有不同的挤出胀大值。     

聚合物熔体在圆锥口型的挤出胀大方程

在聚合物熔体入口收敛流变中引入纯拉伸流变概念，应用张量理论进行了定量分析，导出了一个描述圆锥口型的挤出胀大方程。研究表明，入口收敛拉伸流变，是取合物熔体产生了强烈的弹性形变，导致了较大的挤出物胀大比。     

Recycling of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) waste. III. Processability of EPDM rubber compound containing ground EPDM vulcanizates

The rheological behavior of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) compounds containing ground EPDM waste (W‐EPDM) of known composition was studied by using a Monsanto processability tester in a temperature range of 90–110°C and a shear rate range of 306.7–1533.24 s^?1. It is found that the shear viscosity decreases slightly with increasing W‐EPDM loading because of wall slip that results from the migration of lubricants from the W‐EPDM. The addition of W‐EPDM to raw EPDM results in a decreased die swell at all temperatures and shear rates. SEM photomicrographs of the EPDM extrudate surface show improved surface smoothness and reduced extrudate distortion when EPDM is blended with W‐EPDM. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 2204–2215, 2003     

LLDPE／LDPE共混物熔体挤出胀大行为的研究

应用毛细管流变仪，考察了实验条件下线性低密度聚乙烯与低密度聚乙烯共混物（ＬＬＤＰＥ／ＬＤＰＥ）熔体挤出胀大行为及其影响因素。结果表明，挤出胀大比Ｂ与剪切应力近似呈幂律关系，而随口型长径比的增加呈指数衰减，当共混比为５０／５０时，Ｂ产生局部极涉值现象。     

Effect of characteristic scale on the extrudate swelling behavior of polypropylene melt in a micro-extrusion process

The swelling behavior in micro-extrusion has a significant effect on the dimensional and shape accuracy of microproducts. In this study, the effect of characteristic scale, defined as the gap of die land in an annular micro-extrusion die, on the extrudate swelling behavior of viscoelastic melt is analyzed through numerical simulations and micro-extrusion experiments. The results show that the swelling behavior displays an obvious dependence on the characteristic scale. An increase in the characteristic scale reduces the swell ratio and retards the process to reach the equilibrium state. In contrast, a decrease in the characteristic scale results in a larger magnitude of change in velocity field and faster relaxation development of stress field. The location of the maximum velocity layer for the laminar flow gradually deviates from the geometric center of channel toward the wall of mandrel with the increase in the characteristic scale. Moreover, an increase in the flow rate results in a larger swell ratio for a constant characteristic scale. The elastic effect plays a more dominant role than the viscous effect in determining the viscoelastic swell behavior. It is imperative to consider the complicated swelling behavior and remarkable viscoelastic effect simultaneously in micro-extrusion process.     

塑料圆形管材挤出胀大的数值模拟

挤出胀大是塑料圆形管材生产过程中不可避免的一种现象。在实际生产中,目前主要采用传统经验试差方法设计挤出口模,缺乏相关的理论研究及指导。本研究针对管材挤出工艺,建立了几何模型和数学模型,采用稳态不可压缩流体流动的有限元模型,模拟了PTT流体经过圆环口模挤出胀大现象。采用罚有限元将连续性方程引入动量方程,减少了同时计算的变量数,有效提高了计算效率。模拟结果表明,口模出口处聚合物熔体表面第一法向应力差急剧增大。口模尺寸一定时,聚合物的挤出胀大率随体积流量的增大而增大。同时也系统分析了口模尺寸对挤出胀大的影响规律。模拟结果对实际生产中的模具设计具有一定的指导意义。     

聚合物熔体挤出流动中的弹性行为

研究了聚合物熔体挤出过程中出口压力降ΔＰｅｘｉｔ与剪切应力τｗ和挤出胀大比Ｂ三者之间的关系。提出了描述这一关系的方程：ΔＰｅｘｉｔ＝τｗ（Ｂ＾４－１）＾０５／３。初步验证，用该方程计算的ΔＰｅｘｉｔ值与文献提供的毛细管挤出实测值有较好的一致性。     

交流电磁铁分磁环的安装工艺探讨

文章介绍了交流电磁铁分磁环的作用和目前常用的两种分磁环安装工艺,即胶粘法、压铆法.根据RMK-9交流接触器铁心极槽高度与分磁环之间配合尺寸裕度小的结构特殊性,当采用硅胶粘结分磁环有一定难度时,推荐用压胀分磁环或使铁心变形的工艺,将分磁环在铁心极槽内牢固固定.     

用以改善暂态电能质量的D-FACTS技术

暂态电能质量问题日益突出,越来越受到关注,文章从暂态电能质量的概念及其特征出发,对其进行了较为详细的分类,分析产生的成因和对电网的影响和危害,并提出和阐述了基于D-FACTS技术的改善暂态电能质量的装置与措施:动态电压恢复器、静止无功发生器、固态断路器、统一电能质量控制器、超导磁能与UPS等;由于电压骤降、骤升与电压中断等已经成为系统可靠性分析和暂态电能质量研究的重要内容,制定相关国家标准已经迫在眉捷。     

Numerical study of the effect of flow rate and temperature on parison swell and sag in extrusion

Swell and sag drawdown significantly influence the high density polyethylene parison. Numerical simulations of the flow field of a HDPE melt were performed using the finite element method for the die of plastic pipe extrusion and parison formation. The constitutive equation of Carreau law was used to describe the polymer melt in the flow domain. The distributions of the velocity,shear rate,viscosity,pressure,thickness and radius are presented with Polyflow. The effect of flow rate and temperature on extrusion swell and parison sag was investigated. The results show that the thickness of the parison increases with increasing flow rate. The thickness and radius of the parison are more sensitive to changes in flow rates than to changes in temperatures.