Promise is Debt, Threat Another Matter: The Effect of Credibility on the Interpretation of Conditional Promises and Threats.

Evidence from reasoning tasks shows that promises and threats both tend to receive biconditional interpretations. They also both display high speaker control. On the face of it, the only difference seems to be the positive or negative signing of the consequent. In a promise, the speaker tries to persuade the hearer to do something by holding out the prospect of a particular reward; in a threat, the speaker tries to refrain the hearer from doing something by holding out the prospect of a particular punishment. This paper investigates the respects in which conditional promises and threats differ further by means of an inference task. The credibility of the consequent was manipulated in order to examine whether the acceptability ratings of inferences based on promises and on threats would be equally affected. The results of the inference task and an analysis of the reasons people give for their answers suggest that the credibility of promises is less affected by the use of excessive consequents than the credibility of threats. In other words, promise remains debt, whereas threat is another matter. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈工程量清单模式下的合同签订

文章分析了工程量清单计价的费用组成,阐述了按照清单计价规范招投标的工程在合同签订时使用《合同示范文本》应注意的问题,并分析了合同履行过程中加强合同监督的必要性。     

Achieving evenhandedness in certified email system for contract signing

Certified email is a system which enables a sender to prove a receiver’s receipt of email. Such a system can be used for applications related to electronic commerce on the Internet. This paper considers a situation where a sender or a receiver wants to change his/her mind due to the change of mail content value (e.g., stock, auction, gambling) during the transaction. We point out that no traditional certified email systems have been designed for such a case, thus one of the participants can be at a disadvantage. To avoid this problem, we propose an evenhanded certified email system in which each participant can change his/her choice, either cancel or finish the transaction, at any time during the transaction.

Formal Analysis of Multiparty Contract Signing

We analyze the multiparty contract-signing protocols of Garay and MacKenzie (GM) and of Baum and Waidner (BW). We use a finite-state tool, Mocha, which allows specification of protocol properties in a branching-time temporal logic with game semantics. While our analysis does not reveal any errors in the BW protocol, in the GM protocol we discover serious problems with fairness for four signers and an oversight regarding abuse-freeness for three signers. We propose a complete revision of the GM subprotocols in order to restore fairness.     

基于双线性对的带有随机意见的结构化多重签名方案

本文讨论了签名系统的结构化多重签名模型。用图论的语言给出了签名结构的详细定义及其基本形式。同时给出了基于双线性映射的带有签名者随机意见的一般签名结构的多重签名方案。     

基于概率模型检测的合同签订协议分析

概率合同签订协议的公平性具有典型的概率性质。概率模型检测是一种验证存在随机行为系统的分析技术。基于概率模型检测技术，在原协议的基础上建立了离散马尔可夫链和有限状态机模型，用概率模型检测工具——PRISM验证了它的公平性，发现其公平性不满足时，在此基础上对原协议从双方交换信息的策略上进行了扩充改进，使协议更为公平，满足了合同签订的基本要求。     

A framework for analyzing probabilistic protocols and its application to the Partial Secrets Exchange

We propose a probabilistic variant of the pi-calculus as a framework to specify randomized security protocols and their intended properties. In order to express and verify the correctness of the protocols, we develop a probabilistic version of the testing semantics. We then illustrate these concepts on an extended example: the Partial Secret Exchange, a protocol which uses a randomized primitive, the Oblivious Transfer, to achieve fairness of information exchange between two parties.     

Windows下代码签名验证的研究与实现

简要讨论了在Windows系统下代码签名验证的方法和实现,增加了系统抵御病毒和入侵的能力,从而增强了系统安全性.提出了一种解决方案,实现了对Windows下可执行文件的签名和验证.最后描述了可能存在的问题和今后的发展.     

建设工程合同成立程序研究

通过招标投标形式订立建设工程合同,是建设工程合同成立的主要形式。招标投标过程要经过招标、投标、开标、评标、定标和签订合同等几个阶段。建设工程招标的法律性质是要约邀请。招标不同于一般的要约邀请之处在于招标具有一定的法律约束力,但这又不同于要约的法律约束力。承认招标具有一定程度的约束力,并不会因此否认招标的要约邀请性质。投标的法律性质是投标人向招标人发出的要约,招标人的中标通知书是对投标人要约的承诺,中标通知书在发出时生效,建设工程合同成立。     

非滥用合同签署协议的研究

非滥用性是合同签署协议提出的新的安全需求,人们对它的描述还模糊不明。利用交互式定理证明器Isabelle/HOL推导了“TTP的aborted仲裁”与“失败的合同签约”的不等价关系,提出了“合同签约失败”的形式定义,提出了一个新的非滥用性的形式化描述,验证了BW多方合同签署协议的非滥用性。