The effects of attrition on baseline comparability in randomized experiments in education: A meta-analysis.

Using meta-analysis, randomized experiments in education that either clearly did or clearly did not experience student attrition were examined for the baseline comparability of groups. Results from 35 studies suggested that after attrition, the observed measures of baseline comparability of groups did not differ more than would be expected given sampling error. The degree of either overall or differential attrition did not relate to baseline comparability, a finding that held under sensitivity analyses. Also, both overall and differential attrition rates were unrelated to posttest effect sizes. All of these analyses, however, lacked sufficient statistical power to detect small but potentially meaningful effects. Results suggest caution is warranted when applying quality scales and other blanket rules pertaining to attrition that are meant to either serve as inclusion-exclusion criteria or in scoring study quality. Much greater attention is needed to both the reporting of attrition in primary studies and to the development of conceptual and empirical models of the attrition process. These developments would aid further investigation of the relation between attrition and study outcomes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Evidence-Based Solutions for Overcoming Access Barriers, Decreasing Attrition, and Promoting Change With Underserved Families.

Various definitions exist for what constitutes family therapy. In this article, we consider family therapy to encompass any intervention that targets family interactions and conceptualizes problems as existing beyond individual clients. Numerous individual studies and several quantitative reviews have established family therapy as an effective treatment modality and the treatment of choice for many disorders. However, critiques of existing service provision highlight the unfortunate fact that numerous barriers to treatment exist at multiple levels of the broader ecology, preventing many families from benefiting from these services. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Processing of an East Mediterranean phosphate ore sample by an integrated attrition scrubbing/classification scheme (part one)

ABSTRACT

In this study, an Egyptian siliceous/calcareous sedimentary phosphorite was subjected to beneficiation by unsophisticated economic means. The mineralogical and chemical examination showed that the ore sample is a typical example for the East Mediterranean phosphorites with 21.80% P₂O₅, 10.93% acid insoluble and 16.61% loss on ignition. The primary crushed sample was classified into three size fractions without any milling and they were separately subjected to an integrated attrition scrubbing study. Screening and classification on the 2.30 mm and 0.071 mm sieves were sequentially introduced with the attrition process. The effect of solid%, attrition speed and time were studied and optimized for each size fraction. Results showed that three products were produced and could be categorized according to their P₂O₅ content into the coarse tailing (+2.30 mm), the attrition concentrate (?2.30 + 0.071 mm) and the phosphate fines (?0.071 mm). The P₂O₅ contents of these products reached 12.24%, 28.72% and 18.77%, with P₂O₅ distribution reached 6.74%, 51.75% and 41.51%, respectively. A global P₂O₅ of 28.72% was obtained with a recovery of about 52%. A tentative flow-sheet for the whole process was postulated.     

表面机械研磨/异步轧制无取向硅钢薄带的渗硅行为

对w（Si）=3%无取向硅钢进行表面机械研磨处理（SMAT）和异步轧制（CSR）,获得表面纳米结构,再进行550～650℃、4 h固体粉末渗硅处理,用透射电镜（TEM）、扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）研究表层组织演变。结果表明：经过SMAT后,w（Si）=3%无取向硅钢表面形成了等轴状、取向呈随机分布的、晶粒尺寸为10 nm的纳米晶组织;异步轧制后,表面纳米晶组织保持不变;550～650℃、4 h渗硅处理后,SMAT＋CSR样品表面形成化合物层,其厚度随着温度的升高由17μm增加到52μm;化合物层由Fe3Si和FeSi相组成.     

3%无取向硅钢薄板的表面纳米化结构与性能

为了探索金属薄板表面纳米化制备方法,本工作选取3%无取向硅钢热轧板进行表面机械研磨处理（SMAT）和异步轧制（CSR）,研究深度方向结构和硬度的变化.结果表明：SMAT过程中,3%无取向硅钢通过位错的演变,在表面形成了等轴状、尺寸约为10 nm的、取向呈随机分布的纳米晶,纳米晶层厚度约为20μm;SMAT样品经过CSR后,表面的显微组织基本不变,但纳米晶层的厚度明显减小;SMAT和CSR处理使表面硬度显著提高（约为85%）.本工作表明,SMAT与CSR复合工艺可以制备大尺寸的、具有纳米结构表层的金属薄板.     

一次风道磨损原因分析及防磨措施

通过对300 MW机组锅炉一次风道实际磨损状况的分析,认为煤质改变导致机组运行工况恶劣,空预器出口的一次风带灰严重是热一次风道磨损的主要原因。据此提出在空预器运行过程中合理控制冷端温度,防止冷端腐蚀造成的堵灰,并综合采用多种防磨技术加强一次风道的抗磨能力。     

高速滚子链的试验研究

对所研制的高速滚子链进行了常规检测与试验、滚子大能量冲击疲劳试验、滚子链高速运转试验和滚子链磨损试验。通过对试验数据的分析 ,得出了提高高速滚子链的使用性能以及如何使高速滚子链本身性能提高的结论。     

Pack boronizing of AISI H11 tool steel: Role of surface mechanical attrition treatment

The role of surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) on pack boronizing of AISI H11 type tool steel is addressed. SMAT induced plastic deformation, enabled nanocrystallization at the surface, reduced the grain size and increased the volume fraction of non-equilibrium gain boundaries, increased the accumulation of defects and dislocations at the grain boundaries and within the grains. These features helped to promote the diffusion of boron during boronizing and increased the case depth and hardness of the borided layer. Duplex treatment on SMATed H11 steel samples helps to achieve a higher case depth when compared to the single stage treatment. The findings of the study suggest that SMAT can be used as a pre-treatment for boronizing of H11 tool steel.     

表面机械研磨处理Mg-Gd-Y合金不同应变层的时效硬化行为和机理

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在Mg-Gd-Y合金中获得了梯度组织结构,通过维氏硬度计和透射电子显微镜对试样中不同应变层的时效硬化行为和机理进行了研究。结果表明,SMAT后合金表面梯度组织可以分为3层:剧烈应变层、中等应变层和无影响层。在225℃时效,不同应变层的时效硬化行为表现出明显差异。出现峰时效的时间由剧烈应变层、中等应变层到无影响层依次延长;而峰时效时的硬度增量则依次增大。这与不同应变层中沉淀相的形态、分布以及与位错等缺陷的相互作用有关。剧烈应变层显示了最短的峰时效时间和最高的峰时效硬度,说明SMAT表面纳米化对促进Mg-Gd-Y合金的时效硬化有显著效果。     

离子液体极压抗磨剂的研究进展

极压抗磨剂是一类重要的润滑油添加剂,是齿轮油不可缺少的主剂。相比传统极压抗磨剂,离子液体结构的可设计性、分子中含有的活性元素、优异的化学稳定性及较高的热分解温度,使其在摩擦学领域受到广泛关注。基础油的极性会对离子液体的溶解性能有所影响,基于此,本文归纳了离子液体分子构型对其在不同极性基础油中溶解度影响的研究进展,探讨了离子液体在不同极性基础油中的摩擦学性能及作用机理,总结了离子液体与其他添加剂复配的效果。文中指出,大多离子液体在极性油中有较好的溶解度,在非极性油中阳离子和阴离子结构对其溶解性都有影响;在极性油中与非极性油中,具有优异摩擦学性能的离子液体都含有活性元素;离子液体与其他添加剂的复配会对其性能有所影响。最后,结合目前工作中的不足之处,针对离子液体极压抗磨剂的未来发展方向提供了建议。