Dermatitis in bulb growers

A damaged skin forms a health hazard in flower-bulb growers as it enables higher permeation rates For pesticides than normal skin. Therefore, an investigation was performed into the skin condition of 103 bulb growers and 49 controls. Contact dermatitis of the hands was of the same order (11 and 10%) in both groups. However, minor signs of dermatitis were seen more often in bulb growers (30 versus 8%, p <0.05). Most growers had contact with narcissus sap during the investigation. This irritant sap, as well as many other skin contacts with irritants such as hyacinth dust and pesticides, seemed to be responsible for many skin complaints. Contact serialization was suspected in 19 growers and 3 controls. Patch tests showed that contact sensitization existed to pesticides in probably 10, and to flower-bulb extracts in 4 growers. Reactions to propachlor were not regarded as very reliable as the test concentration seemed to be marginally irritant. There were only a few allergic reactions to narcissus (3) and tulip (2) and none to hyacinth. This investigation showed that minor irritant contact dermatitis was frequent in bulb growers, and indicated that contact sensitization to pesticides and bulbs seemed to be a less frequent but important cause of dermatitis.     

急性百草枯中毒患者30d预后影响因素的研究

目的 探讨应用血液净化治疗后,急性百草枯中毒患者30 d预后的影响因素。方法 选取西安交通大学第一及第二附属医院符合纳排标准急性百草枯中毒患者(79例),电话随访服毒30 d时的预后,分为死亡组(n=40)及存活组(n=39);比较两组年龄、性别、既往高血压史、糖尿病史、服毒量、服毒至就诊的时间、中性粒细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数比值、单核细胞计数/淋巴细胞计数比值、尿素氮、肌酐、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、凝血酶原时间、凝血酶时间及急性病生理学和长期健康评价(acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ,APACHEⅡ),采用二分类Logistic回归分析预测死亡组的危险因素;采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC)分析服毒量对死亡组的预测价值;应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析服毒量与30 d预后的关系。结果 服毒量及APACHEⅡ为30 d死亡的独立危险因素(P<0.05);服毒量预测死亡组的AUC为0.882(P<0.001),临界值为40 mL(敏感度72.5%,特异度87.18...     

血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒临床观察

目的观察血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒的疗效。方法血液灌流治疗组（治疗组）22例在常规治疗的基础上，采用血液灌流治疗并观察疗效。非血液灌流治疗组（对照组）16例。结果治疗组22例中死亡14例，病死率为63．6％，对照组病死率87．5％，两组相比P〈0．05。结论血液灌流治疗百草枯中毒可提高治愈率，降低病死率，是临床上抢救百草枯中毒较有效的方法。     

红景天苷对百草枯所致PC12细胞凋亡的抑制作用及相关机制

目的探讨红景天苷(salidroside)的神经保护作用及其可能的作用机制。方法采用百草枯(PQ)诱导的具有多巴胺神经元特性的PC12细胞凋亡作为帕金森病的体外模型。实验分对照组、PQ诱导组和红景天苷3个浓度(终浓度10,20和30μmol.L-1)预处理组。用MTT法测定细胞存活率,流式细胞术和Hoechst33258染色法测定细胞凋亡,比色法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(caspase)-3活性,免疫组化法检测细胞色素c(Cytc)的释放和Bcl-2蛋白的表达。结果PQ(800μmol.L-1)作用于PC12细胞24h后,与正常对照组比较,细胞存活率降低,细胞染色质固缩,细胞核呈致密浓染,细胞凋亡百分率升高;红景天苷3个浓度预处理后,细胞存活率增加,细胞核凝聚明显减少,细胞凋亡率降低,且具有量-效关系。另外,PQ可使PC12细胞caspase-3活性增强,Cytc的释放增加,Bcl-2的表达代偿性升高;红景天苷预处理后,PC12细胞增高的caspase-3活性和Cytc的释放明显降低,Bcl-2的表达进一步升高。结论红景天苷对PQ诱导的细胞凋亡具有浓度依赖性的抑制作用,其作用机制可能是促进Bcl-2的表达,抑制Cytc的释放和caspase-3的激活,提示红景天苷可能具有神经保护作用。     

百草枯中毒致肺损伤的CT表现

目的探讨百草枯中毒致肺损伤中的CT检查影像学特征和诊断价值。方法回顾性分析15例口服百草枯中毒致肺损伤病例的CT影像学资料。结果15例患者中毒早期（1～7d）主要CT表现包括支气管血管柬增粗伴支气管扩张显示轨道征（15／15）、磨玻璃密度影（14／15）、马赛克征（12／15）、树芽征（8／15）、肺实变（6／15）及胸膜下线（6／15）等；中毒中期（8～14d）主要表现支气管血管束增粗伴支气管扩张显示轨道征（11，11）、肺实变（7／11）及磨玻璃密度影（6／11）；中毒后期（〉14d）CT表现以肺实变（1／1）和纤维化（1／1）为主。结论百草枯中毒的肺部CT表现具有一定的特征性，其影像学变化对病情发展及指导临床治疗具有重要意义。     

大株红景天治疗急性百草枯中毒疗效及其对HIF-1α表达的影响

目的:探讨大株红景天注射液对急性百草枯中毒患者临床病死率及其对缺氧诱导因子(hypoxiainducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)表达的影响.方法:选取邯郸市中心医院急诊科2014年3月到2016年6月百草枯中毒患者72例为研究对象,随机分为两组,对照组36例,治疗组36例.对照组给予规范化治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用大株红景天注射液,观察记录相关指标变化,运用统计学方法分析.结果:对照组14d后病死率77.78％,治疗组14d后病死率52.78％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).两组血清中1,7,14d的HIF-1α浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).对照组存活患者和死亡患者24 h时血清中HIF-1α浓度比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),治疗组存活患者和死亡患者24 h时血清中HIF-1α浓度比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论:大株红景天注射液可抑制百草枯中毒患者血清中HIF-1α表达,降低病死率.影响百草枯中毒患者预后的因素较多,有关HIF-1α评估预后仍需进一步研究.     

Effects of lysine aspirin on lung AQP5 expression and lymphocyte apoptosis in paraquat-poisoned rats

Objective: This study explored the effects of lysine aspirin on lung aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression and lymphocyte apoptosis in paraquat-poisoned rats. Methods: Thirty healthy male Wales rats were randomly divided into three groups (n?=?10): the control group received 0.9% sodium chloride (0.4?mL, intragastric administration; 0.8?mL, intraperitoneal injection); the paraquat group received 40?mg/kg paraquat (intragastric administration) and 0.9% sodium chloride (intraperitoneal injection); and the paraquat + lysine aspirin group received 40?mg/kg paraquat (intragastric administration) and 20?mg/kg lysine aspirin (intraperitoneal injection). Rats were killed at 24 and 48?h. RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed in lung tissue to determine the AQP5 mRNA and protein expression. Blood from the arterial vein was used to evaluate lymphocyte apoptosis. Results: The lung tissue of paraquat-treated rats displayed pulmonary hemorrhage, interstitial edema and inflammatory cell infiltration. AQP5 mRNA and protein expression in the paraquat-treated group decreased after 24 and 48?h, whereas the peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis ratio significantly increased. In contrast, paraquat + lysine aspirin treatment ameliorated these changes. Conclusion: Paraquat decreases AQP5 expression in rat lungs and increases peripheral blood lymphocyte apoptosis. Lysine aspirin can reduce these alterations.     

百草枯致神经发育毒性的研究进展

百草枯是目前世界上使用最广泛的除草剂之一.它的急性毒性和长期低剂量接触所致的神经毒性一直被人们关注,对机体神经发育产生的影响也不容忽视.本文以近年来国内外有关百草枯神经发育毒性的研究为基础,综述其流行病学研究、实验动物研究以及可能的毒性机制等方面研究进展;结合本课题组的已有研究,提示百草枯的神经发育毒性可能与帕金森病发展密切相关,应予以广泛关注.