加强医疗仪器设备管理提高医疗仪器设备使用效益

加强医疗设备管理,提高设备使用效益,制定合理的计划,正确选购设备,为医院提供品种、性能、精度适当的技术装备。     

放射性肝纤维化过程的定量研究

经＾６０Ｃｏγ线照射大鼠肝区，通过光镜、电镜和图像分析仪、宣研究了照后１年肝脏的病理改变。结果表明，３０Ｇｙ组在照射后１年内逐渐发生了放射性肝纤维化病变。在肝纤维化发生过程中，肝细胞内糖原颗凿含量进行性减少，间质中胶原纤维含量进行性增加，网状纤维于照射１－３个月呈进行性增加。     

Gestion des risques et choix de maintenance à l'hôpitalRisks management and maintenance choices at the hospital

Regulations evolve and risks management becomes one of the biomedical engineers' preoccupations. Thus, risks are various, and consequently it is difficult to identify, to manage and to bring them under control. Furthermore, regulations exist for sectors like healthcare technology monitoring, but it is not the same thing for instance for the risks linked to the maintenance. Thus regulation in the sector of maintenance evolves and the decree of the 1^st July law of health safety is going to modify the biomedical environment. The goal of this work is to study the tools and the methods of risks management that have been used for several years in the industrial field and to use them for some biomedical equipment like monitors or IV pumps. These methods adapted to these equipment will allow us to determine some appropriate rules of maintenance.     

A follow‐up study of electromagnetic interference of cellular phones on electronic medical equipment in the emergency department

Objective: Considering the growing use of cellular phones and the fast appearance of new phone models, the electromagnetic interference of currently popular cellular phones on electronic medical equipment was tested. Methods: Three Personal Communication System cellular phones were put at different distances from multiple electronic medical devices, the interference effect was observed and the electromagnetic field strength measured with a spectrum analyser. Results: Only two small pieces of equipment, the CO₂ airway adapter and the haemoglucostix meter were affected and then only when the phone was in very close proximity. Conclusion: Compared to the results of our study in 1997 testing Global System for Mobile Communication phones, the Personal Communication System phones generated less electromagnetic interference. However a much larger scaled study and an accurate international electromagnetic interference standard are recommended before any change in the current restrictive hospital policy on mobile phone usage could be recommended.     

Options for Immunologic Support of Renal Transplantation Through the HLA and Immunology Laboratories

HLA and immunology laboratories are an integral part of clinical kidney transplant programs. They assist transplant clinicians with evaluating the immunological suitability of potential recipients for transplantation and selecting donor-recipient combinations with a low risk of immunological failure. With sophisticated new techniques becoming available for posttransplant immunological monitoring, laboratories play an increasing supporting role during posttransplant follow up. The level of precision at which immunological testing predicts clinical outcome, however, leaves room for improvement. In this article, we summarize the current state of diagnostics, discuss problems, and point out promising developments.     

区域性大型医疗设备预防性维护规范探讨

目的：大型医疗设备是医院医教研工作的重要保障,也是医院体现诊疗水平的主要手段和工具。因此,保持医院中大型医疗设备安全有效的运行是一项十分重要的工作,研究做好大型医疗设备的预防性维护是保证设备良好运行状态的一项重要措施。方法：分析探讨CT、MR和DSA设备各部件及外围环境要求。结果：建立了CT、MRI和DSA等区域性大型医疗设备的预防性维护规范。结论：给出预防性维护计划表格制定方案,为医院开展这项工作提供了参考。     

HCV的检测方法

从发现丙型肝炎病毒以来 ,丙肝的检测技术发展迅速 ,灵敏度和特异性都有明显的提高 ,方法学在不断改进完善。笔者就近年来丙型肝炎的实验室检测方法作简要的综述     

Laboratory screening method for selection of healthy volunteers

The aim of laboratory screening in Phase I is to exclude subjects with subclinical illness, who might be at increased risk in the study, and who might also adversely influence interpretation of the results. A new method for laboratory screening, based on Bayesian probability theory, is proposed, which consists of: 1. Drawing up a list of diseases to be excluded. 2. Defining for each disease, the maximum acceptable risk that an included subject could be affected by it. 3. Identifying one test for each disease. 4. Using a contingency table to calculate the specificity of the test and integrating the estimated prevalence of the disease from epidemiological data. 5. Applying the percentage obtained by the calculation of specificity to the previously determined distribution of values in the volunteer population to identify the threshold value for inclusion. Use of this deductive method in screening volunteers for Phase I trials affords increased security of selection, while reducing the number of non-pertinent exclusions because of laboratory findings.     

高强度超声对犬前列腺组织损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨经尿道高强度超声 (transurethralhighintensityultrasound ,TUHIU)治疗良性前列腺增生症 (benignprostatichyperplasia ,BPH)的有效性和可行性。方法　对犬前列腺进行TUHIU辐照处理 ,辐照后不同时期处死动物以观察其急性、亚急性和慢性期大体及组织病理变化。同时观察辐照前后影像学变化。结果　TUHIU辐照前前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 0 66± 0 12 ( x±s)cm ,辐照 3周后前列腺部尿道平均最大宽度为 2 11± 1 0 7cm ,较辐照前显著增宽。辐照后可见靶区内尿道周围腺体发生凝固性坏死 ,3 0～ 60天后坏死组织脱落尿道呈囊腔状。光、电镜下均可见腺上皮及基质细胞发生均匀性凝固性坏死。辐照后经腹B超示前列腺内部出现液性暗区 ,前列腺呈囊性改变。辐照后即刻各犬均出现短暂性尿潴留、尿频、尿线变细 ,1月后恢复正常。结论　TUHIU可破坏前列腺组织 ,明显增加前列腺部尿道宽度。     

瓦里安2300C/D直线加速器COLL联锁故障检修

介绍和讨论瓦里安 2300C/D直线加速器 COLL联锁故障的发生原因和检修.