Degradation of lincomycin in aqueous medium: Coupling of solar photocatalysis and membrane separation

The photocatalytic oxidation of a common antibiotic, the lincomycin was carried out in aqueous suspensions of polycrystalline TiO₂ Degussa P25 irradiated by sunlight. In order to improve the performance of the lincomycin degradation a hybrid system consisting of a solar photoreactor with the photocatalyst in suspension coupled with a membrane module, used to confine both photocatalyst and pollutants in the reaction environment, was tested.A preliminary study was carried out in order to determine some kinetics parameters of the drug photodegradation. The influence of initial substrate concentration on the lincomycin photooxidation rate was investigated. The photooxidation rate follows a pseudo-first order kinetics with respect to the lincomycin concentration under the used experimental conditions. The presence of the membrane reactor allows the catalyst separation and to operate in continuous mode as the membranes rejection for lincomycin and its oxidation products was quite high.     

天然沸石与纳滤组合工艺处理铜突发污染的应用

纳滤工艺被广泛应用于分散式饮用水深度处理,能解决饮用水苦咸化,盐碱化或微污染等常规水处理工艺无法规避的用水风险,在长时间运行过程中还能有效应对重金属等突发污染风险。但重金属污染易加重纳滤膜污染,需要增设预处理装置加以缓冲,实现纳滤装置的长久稳定运行。而天然沸石具有良好的筛分性能和吸附性能,能够有效缓冲重金属对纳滤装置的冲击。试验以重金属铜为例,证明水中铜离子会造成纳滤不可逆污染比例增加,不利于系统稳定运行;天然沸石对铜离子有很好的吸附效果,静态吸附试验表明天然沸石对水中铜离子的最大吸附量为3.03 mg/g,通过正交试验合理设计吸附预处理,能够有效为纳滤工艺提供安全进水,保证纳滤进水铜离子浓度低于10 mg/L。实践工艺中,吸附预处理能有效缓解纳滤膜不可逆污染,而且吸附-纳滤组合工艺对铜离子及部分其他重金属离子表现出良好的处理效果。     

渤海莱州湾地下卤水纳滤过程的结垢趋势研究

针对莱州湾地下卤水纳滤过程中纳滤膜表面无机物结垢的问题,利用饱和度法系统研究了碳酸钙、硫酸钙在卤水体系和纳滤过程中的结垢趋势和影响因素。结果表明,在常温下原料卤水中的碳酸钙处于饱和状态,而其中的硫酸钙处于不饱和状态,因此在外部因素诱导下,碳酸钙更容易发生沉淀;降低卤水的pH可以有效抑制碳酸钙结垢;当逐步提高卤水的产水回收率时,纳滤浓水侧卤水中硫酸钙结垢的风险增大,在纳滤精制卤水过程中选择合适的产水回收率可以降低硫酸钙结垢的风险。     

超临界流体与膜过程的耦合技术

介绍了超临界流体与膜过程的耦合技术的研究进展和最新研究成果。将超临界CO_2萃取与纳滤过程相耦合,可以不经历压力、温度和相变循环而使CO_2循环利用,从而降低过程能耗、减小操作费用。将纳滤过程与超临界CO_2萃取相耦合,可以对萃取收率和选择性独立调控,使它们分别达到最佳值,从而实现对萃取物在高收率条件下达到精细分离的目的。将超临界CO_2引入高粘性液体的超滤过程,会在不提高温度和无需引入化学剂的情况下,大大降低流体粘度、增大透过流率、提高过滤效率、减小过程能耗,同时也有利于环境保护、提高产品质量。     

A Boronate Ester Driven Rechargeable Antibacterial Membrane for Fast Molecular Sieving

Membrane decorated with biocides is an effective way to suppress biofilm growth. However, their immediate biocidal effect usually suffers from a significant decline due to the irreversible consumption of the biocides. Here, a smart nanofiltration membrane is reported with rechargeable antibacterial capability that is fabricated by a facile interfacial polymerization via 3-aminophenylboronic acid and trimesoyl chloride on a polysulfone substrate. Biocides bearing diol groups can be grafted onto the membrane surface under neutral/alkaline condition and then released from the surface under acidic environment, due to the pH-responsive feature of boronate ester complexes. The resultant membrane exhibits integrated properties of fast bacterial inactivating efficiency, rechargeable antibacterial capability, and impressive stability. In addition, the achieved membrane shows remarkable separation efficiency to dye/monovalent salt system. The successful fabrication of the membrane with rechargeable anti-bacterial property provides new insights into the development of pH-responsive and sustainable antibacterial membranes.     

超滤和纳滤集成膜技术纯化蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液

为掌握蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液的超滤脱色和纳滤浓缩的集成膜技术,研究了两支不同截留相对分子质量的超滤膜脱除色素的工艺,测定了膜通量数据并取样检测色值和还原糖含量,得到脱色率和还原糖回收率,优选一支超滤膜用于脱色;采用截留相对分子质量为150的纳滤膜浓缩超滤工艺的透过液,提高糖液浓度.集成膜工艺的脱色率达到63.6%（对原料液的色值）,总还原糖回收率达到92.1%（对原料液的还原糖）,说明超滤和纳滤集成膜技术可以脱除蒸汽爆破秸秆木聚糖酶酶解液内的色素,提高糖液的浓度,并且膜通量较高.     

纳滤膜分离活性染料溶液的研究

自制醋酸纤维素纳滤膜，实验研究了纳滤膜对活性染料Ｘ－３Ｂ水溶液的分离性能。结果表明：ＣＡ纳滤膜可用于活性染料印染废水处理和染料回收。     

纳滤法处理电厂离子交换树脂再生废水的研究

采用纳滤法处理电厂离子交换树脂再生废水,试验结果表明:废水中绝大部分有机污染物的分子量小于1 000,且含有的大量C l-;以出水的TOC浓度来评价纳滤试验的处理效果比CODC r值更合理,采用纳滤法处理废水,出水的TOC浓度将稳定在14~18 mg/L范围内,达到废水的处理要求.     

聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备

以亲水性的聚乙烯醇为原料，采用机械涂敷法制备复合纳滤膜．考查了基膜、聚乙烯醇的浓度、交联剂的浓度及配比、涂层厚度、交联时间以及热处理等对膜分离性能的影响，确定了最终制备条件．在一定的温度和湿度条件下，在截留相对分子质量为100000的基膜上，通过5％的聚乙烯醇溶液与1％的戊二醛的交联反应，研制了截留相对分子质量为600的PVA复合纳滤膜。     

正交试验优化复合纳滤膜复合条件

采用聚砜基膜，以哌嗪水溶液与均苯三甲酰氯正己烷有机溶液发生界面聚合反应，在聚砜基膜上形成一超薄脱盐层，从而制备聚哌嗪酰胺复合纳滤膜．制备过程中影响复合纳滤膜性能的因素是多方面的．着重讨论了水相浓度、有机相浓度、有机相处理时间的影响．采用正交试验法对制备条件进行优化，制得性能较佳的复合纳滤膜．