Experimental study on the heat transfer and flow characteristics of nanorefrigerants inside a corrugated tube

The heat transfer and flow characteristics of MWCNT-R141b nanorefrigerant with different mass fractions have been studied through experiments. Experimental results were compared with existing correlations. A two-step method was used to prepare the nanorefrigerants. Span-80 was used as surfactant with an average particle diameter of 20 nm. Transmittance method was used to evaluate the stability of nanorefrigerants. Results showed that the stability of MWCNT-R141b nanorefrigerant, which is the added dispersant, was good during the experiments. The 0.3 wt% MWCNT-R141b nanorefrigerants had optimal heat transfer enhancement effects compared with pure refrigerants. The maximum Nusselt number increased by 40%. The specific pressure drop of nanorefrigerant increased as the Reynolds number (Re) increased, and the specific pressure drop of the pure refrigerant was minimum, which is similar to R141b.     

具多件内装物的瓦楞纸箱尺寸优化设计

跳出传统的设计思路，提出装多件内装物的瓦楞纸箱尺寸优化设计方法，建立优化设计模型，编写程序用于生产，节省纸用量，降低成本。     

预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的应用与研究

回顾了预应力钢 混凝土组合梁国内外应用与研究历史 ,分析了现有规范及理论的不足 ,并指出了有待解决的问题。     

波节式换热管压缩失稳试验研究

通过对不同材料、直径和壁厚的波节式换热管进行压缩失稳试验,绘出应力和应变强度关系曲线,指出直光管经胀管成型为波节管后,应力状态分布明显不同于光管,壁厚和直径等规格尺寸的不同会影响波纹管的强度性能.     

薄壁不锈钢管波纹卡粘式连接方法及性能研究

介绍了薄壁不锈钢管波纹卡粘式连接的原理、安装方法、注意事项以及工程应用情况,试验研究了波纹卡粘式连接件的连接强度、密封性、使用寿命等。结果表明:经完全固化后,波纹卡粘式连接件的最大破坏扭矩达到41N·m,接近于DN15薄壁不锈钢管产生塑性变形时的扭矩强度;连接密封性能相关的8项指标全部符合国标要求。在550℃的高温炉内,连接件的泄漏量为0.02m3/h,远小于规定的0.17m3/h。根据阿累尼乌斯图推算出连接件的使用寿命可达70a以上。卫生检测显示连接件中的厌氧胶不会影响水质,清洁卫生。     

Mechanical Behavior of a Partially Encased Composite Girder with Corrugated Steel Web: Interaction of Shear and Bending

The synergistic use of partially encased concrete and composite girders with corrugated steel webs (CGCSWs) has been proposed to avoid the buckling of corrugated steel webs and compression steel flanges under large combined shear force and bending moment in the hogging area. First, model tests were carried out on two specimens with different shear spans to investigate the mechanical behavior, including the load-carrying capacity, failure modes, flexural and shear stress distribution, and development of concrete cracking. Experimental results show that the interaction of shear force and bending moment causes the failure of specimens. The bending-to-shear ratio does not affect the shear stiffness of a composite girder in the elastic stage when concrete cracking does not exist, but significantly influences the shear stiffness after concrete cracking. In addition, composite sections in the elastic stage satisfy the assumption of the plane section under combined shear force and bending moment. However, after concrete cracking in the tension field, the normal stresses of a corrugated web in the tension area become small due to the “accordion effect,” with almost zero stress at the flat panels but recognizable stress at the inclined panels. Second, three-dimensional finite-element (FE) models considering material and geometric nonlinearity were built and validated by experiments, and parametric analyses were conducted on composite girders with different lengths and heights to determine their load-carrying capacity when subjected to combined loads. Finally, an interaction formula with respect to shear and flexural strength is offered on the basis of experimental and numerical results in order to evaluate the load-carrying capacity of such composite structures, thereby providing a reference for the design of partially encased composite girders with corrugated steel webs (PECGCSWs) under combined flexural and shear loads.     

制取木薯淀粉粘合剂新工艺

研究木薯淀粉粘合剂的制备工艺,讨论了各因素对淀粉粘合剂的影响,给出较佳配方和工艺条件并可用于实际生产,同时介绍了在瓦楞纸箱生产上的应用效果。     

波纹轨腰钢轨开发的实验研究

波纹钢腹板以其独特的受力特点,在工程建设领域得到极其广泛的应用,在波纹腹板H型钢的基础上,开发一种新型波纹腹板产品———波纹轨腰钢轨,介绍了这种钢轨的力学特性,并在燕山大学轧钢实验室三机架万能机组上进行的轧制试验,结果表明这种具有优越力学性能的波纹轨腰钢轨完全可以通过轧制方法生产,会有很好的开发前景。     

波型板分离器竖直板壁水膜流动研究

波型板分离器板壁的水膜流动特性影响分离器内二次水滴的生成．采用数值方法对波型板分离器板壁水膜流动特性进行研究,通过分析波型板板壁水膜流动的特点,并对流动水膜进行合理的假设和简化,建立了波型板板壁水膜流动的物理模型和数学模型。采用有限容积法．对流项采用二阶迎风格式,扩散项采用中心差分格式,对控制方程进行离散,采用ADI（Alternating—Direction Implicit）方法对离散方程进行求解数值研究得出在主流汽体横掠波型板汽水分离器竖直板壁情况下,板壁水膜厚度、平均速度等参数与汽流流动速度和沉降率之间的关系。     

How Small Is a Point Load? A Preliminary Study of the Deformation and Failure of Cartons Subjected to Non‐Uniform Loads

Consumer packaging made from carton board is subjected to a variety of loads as it moves through the value chain. Packaging designers need tools for predicting the strength of packages under these loading conditions. For evenly distributed loads, there are methods for measuring and estimating compression resistance that can provide useful guidance. For loads concentrated to a small area, little work has been published. The aim of this preliminary study is to aid the development of a future test method for point loads by investigating how the size of the load application site influences the mechanical behaviour of the package. Rigid spheres of a range of sizes were used to compress packages. Small spheres gave rise primary damage in the form of a vertical yield line and secondary damage in the form of a parabolic yield line. Larger spheres produced a series of parabolic yield lines of increasing size. No vertical yield line appeared for the larger spheres. The larger spheres showed a stiffness transition at a displacement that could be estimated by considering the geometry of the test. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.