Rice-residue biochar influences phosphorus availability in soil with contrasting P status

ABSTRACT

Thermo-chemical conversion of crop residues to produce biochar is an emerging strategy in the context of sustainable phosphorous (P) use and residue management. An incubation study for 90 d was conducted to investigate the effects of rice-residue biochar (0, 10, 20 and 40 g kg^?1) in combination with inorganic-P (KH₂PO₄) (0, 25 and 50 mg kg^?1) on phosphorous availability in medium- and high-P status soils. Increasing biochar addition rates alone or in combination with inorganic-P resulted in a significant increase in P pools, i.e. plant available P or Olsen-P (from 8 to 132 mg kg^?1 in medium-P and 15 to 160 mg kg^?1 in high-P soils), microbial biomass P and various mineral-bound inorganic-P fractions in the order (Ca-P > organic-P > Al-P > loosely held/soluble-P > Fe-P > reductant soluble-P). Further, lower phosphatase activity (19–50%) with increasing rates of biochar addition in both soils elucidates the ability of biochar to act as a long-term source of available P in the experimental soils. The results demonstrate that rice-residue biochar can directly or indirectly enhance the status of available P in soils and hence can be used as a beneficial amendment to meet the crop P demand.     

反硝化聚磷菌C18脱氮除磷特性研究

从城市生活污水处理厂好氧池活性污泥中筛选出的一株反硝化聚磷菌C18,经16S rDNA初步鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas grimontii)。C18在pH 6.5~7.5之间能正常生长,pH为7.5时,脱氮除磷效果最好。C18生长对温度没有特殊要求,当温度为30℃时,磷和氨氮去除率分别达到85.9%和83.6%。厌氧/缺氧最佳连续培养时间为厌氧2 h、缺氧4 h。     

土地利用方式对南方红壤养分状况的影响

土壤养分是土壤学研究重点,是衡量土壤生产力的综合指标,而土地利用方式则是人类活动影响土壤养分变化最直接、最重要、最普遍的因素。随着人类活动对土地利用的范围不断扩大、强度不断加剧,进而对土壤养分造成了不同程度的影响,尤其是对南方红壤的影响。目前,该区域土壤养分退化严重,综述近10年国内外的相关文献,在土地利用方式改变下,以土壤的物理性质、有机质、氮磷钾的动态变化趋势对土壤养分进行分析和总结,以期更准确地预测和评估不同管理措施对土壤质量的影响,并及时采取有效措施,调整生产结构,降低土壤环境污染,提高土壤性能。     

剩余污泥臭氧化减量处置方法研究进展

综合臭氧污泥减量化近年来的发展和研究,对其技术原理和工艺应用进行分析,提出了其现存问题,并讨论了未来的技术发展万向.     

Comparing Nutrient Availability in Low-Fertility Soils using Ion Exchange Resin Capsules

Assessing the nutrient status of low-input, low-fertility desert soils poses some unique challenges. Commonly used soil analysis procedures and resin capsules generally assess nutrient status of fertile agricultural soils. Ion-exchange resin capsules (Unibest Company, Bozeman, Mont.) provide a viable alternative. A study was conducted to determine effectiveness of resin capsules to extract low levels of nutrients applied to native soils. Loamy sand and sandy clay loam desert soils from Utah were treated with combinations of four rates of nitrogen (N) as ammonium nitrate (34–0–0), three rates of phosphorus (P) as phosphoric acid (0–72–0), and two rates of iron sulfate (FeSO₄·7H₂O) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄·7H₂O) (include an untreated control). Each soil treatment was implanted with a resin capsule placed into either 250 or 1000 cm³ of soil after addition of water equivalent to 50% field capacity and incubated for either 60 or 120 days at 25 °C. After the appropriate incubation time, capsules were washed and extracted using 2 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the extract was used to measure iron (Fe), ammonium (NH₄)-N, nitrate (NO₃)-N, sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn). Conventional soil tests were completed on incubated soils (60 or 120 days). Resin capsules reflected NH₄-N and P fertilizer applied at low rates in the loamy sand but not in the sandy clay loam. Neither Fe nor Zn application was reflected in resin capsules, but the accompanying S was clearly quantified. In comparison to conventional soil test procedures, resin capsule NH₄-N was clearly a better indicator than KCl-extractable NH₄-N; resin capsule NO₃-N was effective, but not as good an indicator as water extraction; and resin capsule P was reflective of soil applied P in loamy sand but not in sandy clay loam, whereas sodium bicarbonate was effective in both soils. Resin capsules show promise for use in low-input conditions, but additional understanding of interactions in variable soils is needed.     

植酸酶在鹌鹑日粮中的应用

植酸酶应用于鹌鹑日粮的试验表明,日粮添加0.012%植酸酶后,日粮总磷量降低35.9%,粪中总磷降低36.4%;同时,产蛋率提高2.0%,蛋重增加0.2g/枚,每日每只鹌鹑耗料减少0.2g,蛋料比降低0.12。生产1kg鹌鹑蛋可节约成本0.256元。