Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in chronic inflammatory mucosa of lacrimal sac

AIM: To study the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in inflammatory mucosa of lacrimal sac. METHODS: Immunohistochemical S-P method was used to examine the expression of VEGF in the mocusa from 12 patients with chronic dacryocystitis and 8 volunteers. RESULTS: The positive rates of VEGF expression in different parts of the mocusa were: basal lamina: 44.3%±7.6％; surface epithelium: 16.9%±4.6％; connective tissue: 15.2%±4.9％, all normal mocusa of 8 cases were negative. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01), a significant difference among each part of the chronic inflammatory mocusa of lacrimal sac. CONCLUSION: VEGF may play an important role in hyperplasia of inflammatory mucosa of lacrimal sac.     

豆粕对乌鳢肠道菌群组成及微生物氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响

为研究豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢生长、肠道菌群组成和微生物相关氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响,分别用豆粕替代0、25%、50%和75%的鱼粉配制4组等氮等能的饲料饲喂初始体质量为(8.65±0.25) g的幼鱼(分别命名为G1、G2、G3和G4组),养殖实验在室内纤维玻璃钢桶中进行,实验周期为21 d。结果显示,各组间幼鱼成活率无显著性差异;G4组乌鳢幼鱼的生长性能显著低于G1和G2组,而G3组幼鱼生长性能与其余3组差异不显著。厚壁菌门在G1和G2组乌鳢肠道中的比例显著高于G3组,且在G4组中的比例最低;变形菌门在G1和G2组中的比例显著低于G3和G4组;G4组中乳球菌属、杆菌属、假单胞菌属、链球菌属、芽孢杆菌属和不动杆菌属的比例显著低于其余3组。另外,G4组幼鱼肠道微生物谷丙转氨酶、腺苷脱氨酶活性显著高于其余3组,而G1组乳酸脱氢酶的活性最高。研究表明,豆粕替代鱼粉除了对乌鳢幼鱼的生长产生影响外,也显著影响了肠道微生物组成及微生物相关氨基酸代谢酶的活性,本研究结果对于从微生态角度进一步理解豆粕在乌鳢配合饲料中的应用提供了理论依据和参考。     

幼建鲤磷缺乏的组织病理观察

为研究饲料不同磷水平对吉富罗非鱼营养代谢及肠道微生物的影响,实验以磷酸二氢钙作为磷源,配制成总磷含量为0.26%(低磷组)、0.81%(适磷组)和1.51%(高磷组)的3组等氮等能饲料,每种饲料为一个处理,每个处理设置4个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,用3种饲料分别饲喂初始体重为(8.42±0.09) g的吉富罗非鱼8周。结果显示,适磷组吉富罗非鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著高于低磷组和高磷组,饲料系数在适磷组最低。脏体比、肝体比和肥满度随饲料磷水平的升高呈逐渐下降趋势。随着饲料磷水平的增加,吉富罗非鱼干物质、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、磷的表观消化率显著降低。对筛选到的差异代谢物进行KEGG注释和富集分析发现,饲料磷缺乏时下调的差异代谢物主要富集的代谢通路为氰胺酸代谢、葡萄糖酸酯的生物合成、丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢,上调的差异代谢物主要富集的代谢通路为脂肪酸合成;当饲料磷过量时下调的差异代谢物主要富集代谢通路为精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢、苯丙酸的生物合成,上调的差异代谢物主要富集代谢通路为氨基糖和核苷酸糖的代谢。Ace、Chao1和Shannon指数表明,吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群丰度和多样性随着饲料磷水平的升高呈现升高趋势。厚壁菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门和拟杆菌门为吉富罗非鱼肠道菌群中的优势菌门。罗姆布茨菌属、鲸杆菌属等有益菌属的丰度在适磷组最高,分枝杆菌属和拟杆菌属的丰度随饲料磷含量的增加呈下降趋势。本研究表明,饲料中适量的磷能提高吉富罗非鱼对饲料的表观消化率,磷缺乏和过量会抑制吉富罗非鱼的氨基酸代谢,磷缺乏会加快脂肪酸合成进程;饲料中适量磷可以提高菌群丰度和多样性,有利于肠道健康。

     

移动尼龙袋法对常用饲料蛋白质小肠消化率的研究

文章旨在研究反刍动物常用饲料的干物质和粗蛋白质小肠消化参数,为科学配制日粮提供依据。试验选用3头装有瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的干奶牛,采用移动尼龙袋法研究了饲料瘤胃非降解蛋白在小肠中的消化吸收。结果表明,在瘤胃发酵16h后,蛋白类饲料的干物质与粗蛋白降解率高于粗饲料和能量饲料。豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、花生饼、麻籽饼、亚麻籽饼、膨化大豆、DDGS、啤酒糟、玉米、苜蓿、羊草和全株玉米青贮的干物质小肠消化率依次是:0.69、0.35、0.38、0.74、0.11、0.40、0.80、0.52、0.35、0.67、0.14、0.09和0.03;蛋白质的表观小肠消化率依次:0.91、0.80、0.71、0.92、0.64、0.79、0.96、0.70、0.89、0.61、0.61、0.61和0.63。由此可见,不同饲料瘤胃降解和消化特性不同,过瘤胃蛋白为小肠提供的可消化吸收蛋白质的潜力也不同。     

乳酸菌对肠道黏膜免疫影响的研究进展

乳酸菌是人和动物体内最常见的原籍2群,其参与维系肠道内2群平衡,通过产生有机酸、细菌素等抗2物质抑制肠道内有害菌的生长.肠道上皮细胞可免疫识别定植在肠道内的乳酸菌及其片段,从而调节肠道黏膜免疫系统,促进淋巴细胞分化、提高sIgA的分泌、调节细胞因子的产生等,对动物机体的固有免疫和获得性免疫具有重要的影响.文章结合国内外研究结果,提出了乳酸2影响肠道免疫的4大前提条件,并从5个方面阐述了乳酸2对肠道黏膜免疫的影响.     

仔猪肠黏膜上皮细胞体外培养及其对小檗碱适应性的研究

为了体外分离培养和鉴定仔猪肠粘膜上皮细胞,探讨小檗碱对体外培养的仔猪肠粘膜上皮细胞的安全剂量。本试验取刚出生未吃初乳的仔猪小肠的回肠段,用胰蛋白酶和胶原酶Ⅳ进行消化处理,获得原代仔猪肠粘膜上皮细胞,用免疫组化法对培养的仔猪肠粘膜细胞进行鉴定,用MTT检测法测定硫酸小檗碱对仔猪肠粘膜上皮细胞的安全浓度。结果表明:免疫组化法分离培养的细胞膜呈棕黄色,为粘膜上皮细胞。硫酸小檗碱对体外培养的仔猪肠粘膜上皮细胞的安全浓度为20μmol/L。     

花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响

为研究花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料对保育猪生长性能、血清生化指标、小肠组织形态及经济效益的影响.选取42头体重相近(11.40±1.36)kg、体况良好的40日龄保育猪,随机分为两组,每组3个重复,每个重复7头.对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂由80％基础饲粮和20％花椰菜尾菜发酵饲料组成的试验饲粮.试验共30 d,其中预试期8 ...     

Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

白斑综合征病毒与凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群区系之间关系的初步研究

比较了同一养殖池中的感染白斑综合征病毒(WSSV)和未感染WSSV的凡纳滨对虾的肠道菌群,旨在探讨对虾肠道菌群与机体健康状态之间的关系。感染WSSV对虾肠道的细菌总数为1.06×106CFU/尾,显著高于未感染WSSV的对虾(1.78×105CFU/尾;P<0.05),且其肠道中的细菌分别属于弧菌属、气单胞菌属、海水球菌属、盐水球菌属和乳酸杆菌属;染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05),气单胞菌的比例显著的低于感染WSSV的对虾(P<0.05);盐球菌所占的比例两者之间差异不显著。结果显示,两种对虾在肠道菌群组成和细菌组成和细菌数量上存在显著的差异,初步表明对虾肠道菌群区系和机体的健康状态密切相关。     

表皮生长因子在动物肠道无机离子及其他营养物质吸收中的作用

表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)是生长因子家族成员之一,具有促进细胞生长、细胞迁移、细胞增殖、伤口愈合、骨骼愈合以及营养物质转运等生物学功能。大量研究表明EGF对钠离子、氯离子、镁离子、无机磷、葡萄糖、谷氨酰胺、小肽、5-羟色胺等物质的转运具有促进作用。本文旨在概述EGF对营养物质转运的影响,为EGF在动物生产上的应用提供参考。