Deep Freezing of Boar Semen Packaged in Plastic Bags and Straws

For practical reasons, a large volume (i.e. 5 ml) of frozen boar semen per insemination dose is desirable, but successful freezing has not been achieved, since optimal cooling rates have not yet been established. Post-thaw motility and the acrosome intep'ty of semen from four boars frozen with a programmable freezin machine, in mini-(0.25 ml), maxi-(5 ml) plastic straws and in 10 × 5 cm PVC- or Teflon FEP-plastic bags (0.35 – 0.12 mm thick, 5 ml) was studied. The freezing of the semen was monitored using thermocouples placed in the straws and the bags. The freezing curve started from +5°C, at a rate of −3°C/min, to – 6°C, it was held for 1 min at −6°C, and was followed by further drop to −100°C at a rate of −20°C/min, with subsequent storage in LN₂. The bags had a much shorter freezing point plnteau, compared to the maxi-straws. Post-thaw sperm motility was significantly higher when semen was frozen in mini-straws or in bags than in maxi-straws. The freezing procedure did not cause major acrosomal damages, significantly more normal apical ridges being present in the bags and mini-straws than in the maxi-straws. This in vitro evaluation indicates that the freezing method employed is satisfactory for freezing large volumes of boar semen into plastic bags .     

野猪的遗传学研究与开发利用进展

野猪是重要的兽类资源之一,对于维持生物多样性具有重要意义。对野猪的遗传资源进行研究评估,既能起到保护遗传资源的作用,又能利用它们来改良家猪形成新的猪种。文章主要从野猪的生物学特性、与家猪的起源进化关系及开发利用前景等方面对野猪的研究进行综述,以期为野猪资源的进一步研究和种质资源的保护与开发利用提供参考。     

北京市繁殖猪舍高温环境控制状况

高温是影响猪繁殖性能的重要环境因素。为了缓解北京市繁殖猪的热应激,于2009年对北京市猪舍的建筑类型、降温方式进行了调查,对常见猪舍外墙类型的隔热指标进行了计算评价,并对繁殖猪舍内温度进行了测试,结果表明：北京市猪舍建筑类型调查样本中,有窗封闭式、半开放式和温室大棚式猪舍的比例分别为74.0%、23.7%和2.3%;繁殖猪舍的降温方式中,通风降温和以水为媒介的降温方式各占50%左右;在现有猪舍外墙构造类型中,外贴聚苯板内砌砖的复合墙体的隔热性能最好。北京市夏季繁殖猪舍内温度与舍外变化趋势基本一致,多数时间内舍内温度高于舍外。最后,提出北京市目前繁殖猪舍的高温环境调控建议。     

First isolation of Trichinella britovi from a wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Belgium

Since 1992, when the European Union Council Directive requires that wild boars (Sus scrofa) hunted in EU for commercial purpose should be examined for Trichinella, the infection has not been detected in wild boars from Belgium, despite serological evidence of the presence of anti-Trichinella antibodies in wildlife and previous reports of Trichinella larvae in this host species. In November 2004, Trichinella larvae were detected in a wild boar hunted near Mettet, Namur province (Southern Belgium). Larvae were identified as Trichinella britovi by polymerase chain reaction methods. This is the first report of the identification of Trichinella larvae from Belgium at the species level. The detection of T. britovi in wildlife in Belgium is consistent with findings of this parasite in other European countries and confirms the need to test game meat for Trichinella to prevent its transmission to humans.     

种公猪精液中猪瘟和蓝耳病病毒混合感染的快速检测

参考GenBank公布的猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)VL2332株、LV株以及猪瘟兔化弱毒(CSFV)C株的基因序列,各设计合成了一对引物,建立了在相同PCR扩增条件下能同时检测PRRSV和CSFV的RT-PCR方法。对2003~2004年期间江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、上海等省市的17个大中型猪场送检的186份种公猪精液进行了检测,结果18份呈PRRSV阳性,24份呈CSFV阳性,其中有11份为PRRSV和CSFV的混合感染,约占送检精液样品的5.91%。试验结果表明,所建立的RT-PCR方法可用于精液中这2种野毒感染的快速鉴定和分子流行病学调查。     

不同冻融处理对猪精子顶体膜蛋白表达的影响

为探究不同冷冻解冻方法对猪精子损伤的影响,采用2种常用的冷冻解冻方法处理猪精子,分别对其顶体膜蛋白进行分离,进行SDS-PAGE电泳和总灰度值的检测和分析。结果表明,采用一次稀释法进行猪精液的冷冻保存较二次稀释法解冻后精子活率高,精子顶体膜蛋白组分中除125 ku和90 ku处蛋白表达水平低于二次稀释法外,120 ku、48 ku、36 ku均高于二次稀释法。可见,猪精子在受到更深层次(二次稀释法对精子冷冻解冻损伤大)的冷冻损伤时,伴随着顶体膜蛋白125 ku和90 ku表达水平的升高以及120、48及36 ku表达水平的降低。     

双糖对冻融后猪精子质量的影响

在传统的Tris—柠檬酸—葡萄糖(TCG)稀释液基础上,分别添加0.1 mol/L乳糖、蔗糖、海藻糖,并采用细管法对精液进行冷冻,研究不同双糖对冻融后猪精液质量的影响。结果表明:0.1 mol/L的海藻糖和蔗糖相对于对照组和0.1 mol/L的乳糖TCG稀释液能够显著改善冻融后猪精子质量,其冻融后精子的活率、顶体完整率、低渗膨胀率、平均路径速度、运动线速度、平均侧摆幅度和平均鞭打频率均明显提高(P0.05),分别达到42.14%和40.56%,51.48%和49.84%,46.20%和43.01%,32.8μm/s和33.2μm/s,60.80%和59.00%,1.70μm和1.62μm,7.68 Hz和7.62 Hz。TCG稀释液中添加0.1 mol/L海藻糖和蔗糖的猪冷冻精液体外受精的受精能力明显高于0.1 mol/L乳糖组和对照组,其卵裂率分别为41%和38%。     

三种不同组合家野猪血清生化指标的比较分析

选取断奶野猪(♂)×大白(♀)、野猪(♂)×皮特兰(♀)、野猪(♂)×杜洛克(♀)(以下各宗系简称野大、野皮、野杜)杂交仔猪各2窝,每窝3头,共计18头,试验期为140 d.试验结束后屠宰对其血清10项生化指标进行了测定比较.结果表明,野皮与野杜组ALP均高于野大组,差异显著(P＜0.05),且野杜组与野大组差异极显著(P＜0.01);野大组与野杜组LDH均高与野皮组,差异显著(P＜0.05);野杜组GLU、TG均高与其它两组,差异极显著(P＜0.01);野杜组CHO低于野大组和野皮组,差异显著(P＜0.05),且与野大组差异极显著;从TP、Ca、P、ALT和AST看,3组间差异不显著.     

迪卡白种公猪肢蹄病的调查与蜂胶防治报告

本文对某工厂化养猪场的迪卡白种公猪40头进行了肢蹄病的观察、诊治和预防,结果:(1)在40头种公猪中发现32头患有不同程度的肢蹄病变(占80％)。在32头患猪中严重和有跛行的9头(占28.13％),前肢肢跡病17头(占53.13％),后肢肢蹄病29头(占90.63％);(2)所检出的肢蹄病按其发生部位和病变不同,共有26种之多。其中在蹄趾(指)部位的病变有蹄壁磨损、蹄踵腐损、蹄踵青肿、趾(指)间腐烂、趾(指)间增殖、蹄裂、假性蹄裂、趾(指)底腐损、蹄冠脓肿、白绒病等20种。在肢体关节部位的病变有腕关节皮肤磨损、感染化脓与关节炎、附关节皮肤磨损、化脓与关节炎等6种;(3)发病的主要因素是猪栏环境与地面的质地不良直接引起患部的磨损。继发感染的主要病原菌为坏死梭状杆菌和化脓棒状杆菌;(4)在防治方面采取以蜂胶为主的综合防治措施效果良好。     

公猪精液PRRSV变异株检测及NSP2、ORF5基因序列分析

用荧光RT-PCR方法从某猪场精液中检测到猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)变异株(NSP2 1 594～1 680 bp缺失)核酸阳性.提取1份阳性样品病毒核酸测定和分析其NSP2和OBF5全基因序列,结果表明NSP2基因由950个氨基酸组成,与CH-1a、VR-2332等经典PRRSV相比481位缺失1个氨基酸、532～560位连续缺失29个氨基酸,与JXA1、HUN4等毒株具有相同的缺失特性;ORF5基因第13、151位为具有强毒特性的精氨酸(R),存在4个潜在的糖基化位点,分别位于30～32、35～37、44～46和51～53位氨基酸.遗传进化分析表明,测定序列与JX-A1、HUN4等毒株关系最近,与CH-1a、NVSL等同属一个大分支,而与BJ-4、P129、RespPRRS MLV、VR-2332等处于不同分支.研究证实公猪精液可携带PRRSV变异株,因此猪场(群)在人工授精和引进精液时必须强化检疫和生物安全措施.