Effect of ABA,arginine and sucrose on protein content of date palm somatic embryos

Abscisic acid (ABA), arginine and sucrose were evaluated for their effects on the morphology, germination rates and protein content of date palm somatic embryos (SE). Different concentrations of these supplements in the culture medium were used. The comparative study of SE length and thickness between treated and untreated SE revealed no differences, except for ABA (20 μM), which increased thickness. A decrease of water content (WC) in favor of an increase in dry weight (DW) was observed in all treated SE, especially with sucrose (90 g l⁻¹) and ABA (20 μM). Only ABA (20 and 4 μM) caused a proliferation rate of the cultures higher than those in the control. Although all the tested compounds increased protein content, ABA (20 μM) was more effective in protein enrichment than arginine and sucrose treatments. The SDS-PAGE protein profiles showed a significant difference between treated and untreated SE. A protein band of 22 kDa, identified as glutelin in a previous work, was accumulated after treatment with 20 μM ABA or 3 mM arginine. These findings may contribute to further understanding of the mechanisms involved in the accumulation of specific storage proteins in several plants.     

The concept of habitat specificity revisited

Habitat specificity indices reflect richness (α) and/or distinctiveness (β) components of diversity. The latter may be defined by α and γ (landscape) diversity in two alternative ways: multiplicatively () and additively (). We demonstrate that the original habitat specificity concept of Wagner and Edwards (Landscape Ecol 16:121–131, 2001) consists of three independent components: core habitat specificity (uniqueness of the species composition), patch area and patch species richness. We describe habitat specificity as a family of indices that may include either area or richness components, or none or both, and open for use of different types of mean in calculation of core habitat specificity. Core habitat specificity is a beta diversity measure: the effective number of completely distinct communities in the landscape. Habitat specificity weighted by species number is a gamma diversity measure: the effective number of species that a patch contributes to landscape richness. We compared 12 habitat specificity indices by theoretical reasoning and by use of field data (vascular plant species in SE Norwegian agricultural landscapes). Habitat specificity indices are strongly influenced by weights for patch area and patch species richness, and the relative contribution of rare vs. common species (type of mean). The relevance of properties emphasized by each habitat specificity index for evaluation of patches in a biodiversity context is discussed. Core habitat specificity is emphasized as an ecologically interpretable measure that specifically addresses patch uniqueness while habitat specificity weighted by species number combines species richness and species composition in ways relevant for conservation biological assessment. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

基于SE模块和ResNet的番茄病虫害识别

番茄病虫害是引起番茄减产的重要因素。精确识别病虫害种类是当前的国际热点问题之一,有助于及时有效的采取针对性的病虫防治办法,减少和避免因番茄减产导致的经济上的损失。本文针对传统虫害识别方法存在的效率和精确率低的问题,利用Kaggle网站上的Tomato数据集,构建基于压缩和激励（Squeeze-and-Excitation,SE）模块的深度残差网络模型（ResNet）,优化番茄病虫害识别方法。结果表明：（1）通过Pytorch框架下的迁移学习,改进后的网络模型对番茄病虫害图像的平均识别准确率最高为97.96%;（2）基于SE模块的ResNet网络模型有助于增强特征区分能力,增加了模型的通用性和鲁棒性。本文研究结果对番茄病虫害的及时监测和处理、提高番茄产量具有重要意义。     

基于改进YOLO v3的自然场景下冬枣果实识别方法

为实现自然场景下冬枣果实的快速、精准识别,考虑到光线变化、枝叶遮挡、果实密集重叠等复杂因素,基于YOLO v3深度卷积神经网络提出了一种基于改进YOLO v3(YOLO v3-SE)的冬枣果实识别方法.YOLO v3-SE模型利用SE Net的SE Block结构将特征层的特征权重校准为特征权值,强化了有效特征,弱化了...     

基于原型网络的小样本禽蛋图像特征检测方法

机器视觉因具有检测速度快、稳定性高及成本低等优点,已发展成为禽蛋无损检测领域主流检测手段。使用该技术对禽蛋进行无损检测时,需要依赖大量禽蛋图像作为数据支撑才能取得较好的检测效果。由于养殖安全等限制,禽蛋图像数据的采集成本较高,针对该问题,提出了一种适应于小样本禽蛋图像检测的原型网络（Prototypical network）。该网络利用引入注意力机制的逆残差结构搭建的卷积神经网络将不同类别的禽蛋图像映射至嵌入空间,并利用欧氏距离度量测试禽蛋图像在嵌入空间的类别,从而完成禽蛋图像的分类。本文利用该网络分别验证了小样本条件下受精蛋与无精蛋、双黄蛋与单黄蛋及裂纹蛋与正常蛋的分类检测效果,其检测精度分别为95%、98%、88%。试验结果表明本文方法能够有效地解决禽蛋图像检测中样本不足的问题,为禽蛋图像无损检测研究提供了新的思路。     

40％嘧霉胺SE对黄瓜灰霉病的防效试验

针对不同浓度40％嘧霉胺sE进行黄瓜灰霉病的田间防效试验研究。结果表明：在黄瓜灰霉病发病初期,1hm^2用40％嘧霉胺SE（有限成分）469—562．5g对水750Kg,对黄瓜灰霉病有较好的防治效果。喷药间隔期为7d,共喷3次。药后7d各处理防效为80％以上,对黄瓜生长安全。     

16％辛硫磷·多菌灵悬浮种衣剂高效液相色谱分析

建立了一种高效液相色谱法同时测定16％辛硫磷·多菌灵悬浮种衣剂有效成分含量的分析方法。用Novapak C8不锈钢色谱柱,甲醇∶水∶四氢呋喃＝60∶40∶20（V ／V）为流动相,在254 nm 波长下对16％辛硫磷·多菌灵悬浮种衣剂进行定量分析。辛硫磷和多菌灵的线性相关系数分别为0．997和0．998,标准偏差分别为0．034和0．058,变异系数分别为0．422％和0．719％,平均回收率分别为99．2％和99．4％。该方法操作简便,快速,准确,是辛硫磷·多菌灵悬浮种衣剂中有效成分的理想检测方法。     

基于深度学习与多尺度特征融合的烤烟烟叶分级方法

为实现烤烟等级的快速准确识别,降低人工分级中主观因素对分级结果的影响,提高烟叶分级的准确性和一致性,提出一种基于烤烟RGB图像和深度学习的多尺度特征融合的烟叶图像等级分类方法,采用ResNet50提取烟叶图像特征,并引入基于注意力机制的SE模块(压缩激发模块),增强不同通道特征的重要程度;同时,采用FPN(特征金字塔网络)对提取的由浅及深不同层级的烟叶特征进行融合,以实现烟叶多尺度特征的表达。采集皖南地区6068个烤烟的正面和背面图像用于建模和分析。结果表明,提出的烟叶分级方法的分级正确率比经典CNN(卷积神经网络)高出5.21%,分级模型在新批次7个等级烟叶上的分级正确率为80.14%,相邻等级的分级正确率为91.50%。因此,采用RGB图像结合深度学习技术可实现烤烟烟叶等级的良好识别,可为烤烟烟叶收购等级评价提供一种新方法。     

Effects of silvicultural treatments and seasonal patterns on foliar nutrients in young post-fire Pinus halepensis forest stands

Tree growth and health status appear to be related to foliar nutrient contents. Foliar nutrient concentration might be the result of a complex interaction between soil nutrients and effective availability caused by climate, water and other site and treatment effects. This study examines foliar macronutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg) and organic C concentrations in Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) needles (between 5 and 18 months old), as well as time course variability (nine dates, from July 1999 to November 2001). Variability was assessed depending on quality site (two sites, Yeste and Calasparra; SE Spain) and seven silvicultural treatments including thinning, scrubbing, pruning and particular combinations of them. Foliar macronutrient concentrations for Aleppo pine in South-eastern Spain were slightly lower (N, P, K,) or higher (Mg, Ca) than the considered as adequate ranges for Aleppo pine and Pinus genera. However, our results agree well with other normal ranges reported for Aleppo pine in Spain and for other North American Pinus species such as P. elliottii, P. taeda and P. palustris. Site, treatment and date (season) affected significantly the foliar macronutrient and C concentration, although the most important was the date, likely due to the two growth periods per year that Aleppo pine has in Mediterranean sites. Silvicultural treatments affected foliar nutrient concentration, so that the concentrations of N, P and K were higher when treatments included thinning than those that did not. The contrary was true for Mg and Ca. However, treatments did not affect the time course of the concentration, i.e., seasonality was not broken due to treatments. Moreover, the effect of the treatments was markedly high along the first year after they were applied but the differences were attenuate 2 years later. Site affected the time course of N, K, Mg and C in a different way: while for N, K and C, at the end of study period, they were higher in Calasparra than in Yeste, for Mg the contrary was true. Nutrient ratios had a different behaviour regarding to single nutrient: although date was significant, we did not appreciate seasonality. In addition, some nutrient ratios were not affected by treatments (N/P, N/K, Ca/Mg,) or by site (N/Ca, K/Ca). Average foliar N concentration and Ca/Mg ratio explained significantly the mean diameter and height growth, so that higher is the foliar N concentration and lower is Ca/Mg, higher is the growth.     

Diesel oil consumption,work duration,and crop production of corn and durum wheat under conventional and no-tillage in southeastern France

In no-tillage (NT) system, precedent crop residue retains on the soil surface to preserve soil water for crop growth. In response to the negative impact of soil degradation under conventional tillage (CT) system based on soil tillage, NT system without tillage practice and with protective cover of crop residue is being developed in many parts of the world. However, NT is a successful system especially in the South of America, but the impacts of this system on the Mediterranean climate especially in the southeast (SE) of France is less known; therefore, this study has been carried out within the scope of a European project. Durum wheat and corn were sown under CT and NT. Time requirement and fuel consumption in these two systems were measured. The results showed that durum wheat and corn yields were the same in both systems except of 2008, while work duration and energy requirement were 87% and 83% lower in NT system, respectively. Furthermore, NT could mitigate CO₂ emission up to 50% as compared with CT. These results show that NT can be considered as a relevant alternative for CT regarding economical and environmental advantages.