An evaluation of the Olsen test as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in grassland soils derived from basalt parent material

Abstract. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence have suggested that the Olsen test underestimates plant-available phosphorus (P) in basaltic soils in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the ability of this test to predict plant-available P in basaltic (and non-basaltic) soils was investigated by regressing Olsen-P data against herbage P indices calculated from plant tissue test data using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. The average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on basaltic soils was considerably lower than the average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on non-basaltic soils, and yet mean sward P status, as given by the herbage P indices, was similar for both groups of fields. Herbage P indices were also much better correlated with Olsen-P measurements in non-basaltic soils than in basaltic soils. Furthermore, at low Olsen-P values (≶9mgPL⁻¹) some swards on basaltic soils were genuinely deficient in P, while others were sufficient or even in surplus for this nutrient. The results confirm that Olsen-P is inadequate as a predictor of plant-available P in basaltic soils. It is concluded that an alternative soil test is needed to provide a reliable assessment of plant-available P in basaltic soils, to prevent overuse of fertilizer and manure P and to minimize the amounts of P entering local watercourses.     

Evaluation of two N cycle models for the prediction of N mineralization from grassland soils in the UK

Abstract. The ability of two nitrogen cycle models, of contrasting complexity, to predict N mineralization from a range of grassland soils in the UK, was evaluated. These were NCYCLE, a simple mass balance model of the N cycle in UK grasslands, and CENTURY, a more complex model simulating long-term C, N, P & S dynamics in grassland ecosystems. The models were tested using field measurements of net N mineralization from a range of grassland soils (differing in soil type, history & management practice), obtained over a 2 year period using a soil core incubation technique. This method was considered to measure the total net release of mineral N from the soil organic matter over a specified time, including N which may have been recycled several times. NCYCLE consistently under-estimated mineralization rates at all sites. By contrast, there was some correlation between CENTURY predictions of net N mineralization and field measurements. This may have reflected the different abilities of the two models to simulate N recycling. Neither model, however, was able to predict adequately the effect of cultivation and reseeding on net N mineralization.     

甘孜州退化草地生态系统综合治理对策研究

介绍了甘孜州草地生态系统现状,在分析草地退化原因和危害的基础上,提出了综合治理退化草地生态系统的措施。     

科尔沁沙地差巴嘎蒿——杂类草群落结构、功能的沙漠化演变特征

研究结果表明：在沙漠化发展过程中，差巴嘎蒿－－杂类草群落（1）首先是植物种组成数量和密度大幅度减少，继而植被盖度和地上生物量急剧下降，四项指标受沙漠化影响的强弱顺序是密度＞植物种数量＞工＞地上生物量；（2）结构趋于简单，功能逐渐消退，优势种或亚优势种发生更替，群落最终变性；（3）沙漠化演变既有连续性又有间断性，随着沙漠化的加剧，其连续性变弱，间断性增强，变幅增大；（4）轻度沙漠化时群落稳定性最高，严重沙漠化可导致其稳定性迅速破坏；（5）对沙漠化的危害，表现出一定的时滞效应和自我适应调节能力，这两个问题有等于进一步研究。     

巫溪红池坝改良草地鼠类调查报告

对重庆巫溪红池坝改良草地中鼠形动物的种类进行抽样调查、室内饲养、解剖鼠胃和洞道研究，结果显示，该改良草地中有鼠形动物2目3科4种，其对草地危害方式和为害程度均不一样。提出了改良草地中鼠害的防治措施。     

内蒙古赤峰市实行草地有偿承包的效果和经验

通过赤峰市多年来对草地有偿承包责任制的探索，阐述了草地有偿承包责任制的意义和重要性，总结了实行草地有偿承包责任制的基本做法和体会，提出了今后的设想。     

甘肃省草地植物区系研究

按照吴征镒的中国种子植物分布区划分,对甘肃省草地植物区系的组成、植物科、属的统计及其分布特征进行了分析,得出甘肃省草地植物区系物种丰富,共有植物154科706属2 128种;地理成分温带性质明显;有一定的过渡性及相互渗透的特点;区系成分以年轻成分为主,中国特有属较少。     

东北羊草草地土壤-植物间锌的动态研究

对东北羊草草地土壤-植物间锌含量的动态研究结果表明:土壤中全锌含量较低,有效锌含量中等,植物体不缺锌。在生长季各时期,全锌和有效锌含量在土壤剖面分布从上向下呈下降趋势,有效锌含量与有机质含量呈显著正相关而与pH值呈显著负相关。由于淋溶作用土壤深层含量增加。全锌各月平均含量变化在生长季呈“V”型曲线,7月含量最低;有效锌平均含量从5–8月与全锌相似,8月后则逐渐减少。羊草各器官及枯落物全锌和有效锌含量有很大变化,总的趋势是:根>根茎>叶>茎>枯落物;有效锌含量A层与B层的比值比全锌含量A层与B层的比值高2倍多,这说明A层土壤富集有效锌的能力强。羊草根部富集的锌含量平均为土壤有效锌含量的44.17倍。根部的吸收强度与土壤中锌的活性成显著负相关(r=-0.8800,p<0.01)。图5表1参23。