抗龋IgY和IgY牙膏对体外培养细胞影响的形态学观察

目的：了解抗龋IgY和IgY牙膏对体外培养细胞的影响。方法：体外培养人成纤维细胞（human skin fibrobasts,HSF）和中国仓鼠卵巢癌细胞（chinese hamster ovary,CHO），分别经不同浓度的抗龋IgY和IgY牙膏处理后常规培养，通过倒置显微镜和电子显微镜观察细胞生长情况和细胞超微结构。结果：经抗龋IgY处理的HSF和CHO细胞生长旺盛，超微结构无变化；经抗龋IgY牙膏处理的HSF和CHO细胞加药后部分细胞出现变圆或脱落、细胞生长缓慢和细胞器变性等变化，第2天恢复良好生长状态。结论：抗龋IgY对体外培养细胞生长、形态无影响；抗龋IgY牙膏中的某些成分可能对培养细胞有短暂的不良影响。     

Penicillamine-Induced Degenerative Dermatoses: Report of a Case and Brief Review of Such Dermatoses

We describe a case of elastosis perforans serpiginosa with additional findings of degenerative skin changes. A 20-year-old man with hepatolenticular degeneration, under prolonged treatment with D-penicillamine, presented with a circular or serpiginous arrangement of nuchal papules. Histopathologically, transepidermal channels were accompanied by granulomatous reactions, with several giant cells engulfing elastic fibers. In addition to these findings of a typical elastosis perforans serpiginosa, we observed scar-like skin changes inside the circular arrangement of the papules. At the scar-like tissue, we found electron-microscopical evidence of randomly aggregated thin collagen fibers with no tendency toward systemic combined bundle formation, which is a characteristic feature of normal collagen fiber formation. Pseudoxanthoma-elasticum-like changes were observed on his neck. On his axillae and groin, slight skin thickening and wrinkling were detected. The diagnosis of elastosis perforans serpiginosa does not represent all of the manifestations or the pathological background described above. The skin manifestations described here represent not only an elastosis but also a total degenerative dermatosis with over-healed collagenosis. Thus, those dermatoses should be summarized as one entity, penicillamine-induced degenerative dermatosis. After considering the pathogenic background and clinical similarities, we further propose to simplify the penicillamine-induced skin manifestations to three categories: acute sensitivity reactions, bullous dermatoses, and degenerative dermatoses.     

脑外科手术后发生正常灌注压突破的发病机制及超微病理基础

目的:探讨脑外科手术后部分患者病变邻近脑组织发生正常灌注压突破并发症的发病机制及其超微病理基础.材料和方法:对68例脑内血管畸形病变邻近的脑组织进行电子显微镜观察.结果:病灶邻近脑组织内部分毛细血管外周的星形细胞足突缺失或出现血管基膜疏松、分层等发育不良的情况,甚至有些血管壁组织结构破损.结论:电子显微镜检查证实,在血管畸形病灶周围的脑组织内可见病理性血管.该血管的基膜发生病变,血管周围的星形细胞足突明显减少或破坏.当血液灌注压力突然变化时,这种病变的血管就可能发生液体外渗及破裂.这就是在神经外科手术中或手术后发生正常灌注压突破并发症的超微病理基础.     

枳鳖胶囊抗大鼠肝纤维化形态学及肝组织Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达的实验研究

目的:观察枳鳖胶囊抗肝纤维化形态学和Ⅲ型胶原mRNA表达的变化。方法:选择66只健康清洁级SD大鼠,雌雄各半,随机分为:正常对照组,模型组,秋水仙碱组,枳鳖胶囊大、中、小剂量组。以40%四氯化碳花生油皮下注射结合高脂饲料、酒水饮料复合因素诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型。造模结束后,除正常组不予处理外,其他组分别以蒸馏水,秋水仙碱混悬液,高、中、低浓度枳鳖胶囊溶液灌胃,疗程36d。疗程结束后,观察大鼠新鲜肝脏的表面情况、色泽、质地等大体形态,测定肝组织Ⅲ型胶原mRNA的表达,光镜观察肝组织HE染色和网状纤维染色的病理形态学改变。结果:模型组大鼠肝细胞损害、肝脏脂肪变性和胶原纤维增生的程度最显著,Ⅲ型胶原mRNA的表达最强。枳鳖胶囊组上述改变明显减轻,且可抑制Ⅲ型胶原mRNA的表达,疗效优于秋水仙碱组。结论:枳鳖胶囊可较好地保护肝细胞,并能阻止肝纤维化进程甚或逆转肝纤维化病理改变,抑制胶原基因表达,抑制胶原基因表达可能是其抗肝纤维化的作用机理之一。     

我国3属10种蚊幼虫颏光镜与扫描电镜形态特征研究

本文首次报告了我国脉毛蚊属、库蚊属和按蚊属10种蚊Ⅳ龄幼虫颏的光镜与扫描电镜的形态特征。结果表明,利用颏进行分类鉴定,在某些种类具有一定的意义。     

大鼠肺微血管和肺泡铸型的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察以甲基丙烯酸甲酯灌注鼠的肺微血管和肺泡。胸膜下毛细血管较稀疏,网孔粗大。毛细血管部分成锐角折返,亦可见毛细血管盲端。肺泡隔毛细血管均成扁平状膨大,且相互吻合成单层密集网。肺泡铸型为大小不等、不规则的多面体,表面可见肺泡Ⅱ型细胞核之压迹。两肺泡之间可见呈桥式连接的肺泡孔,亦可见部分呈三通管样相连。     

丹参改善骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤的超微结构观察

目的:通过透射电镜观察骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤过程的病理生理变化探讨丹参的干预作用及机制。方法:采用90只清洁级雄性SD大鼠,6只作为健康对照组,84只行左侧提睾肌主滋养动脉夹闭造模,在缺血2.5 h时,丹参组腹腔注射丹参(42只),对照组注射等剂量的生理盐水(42只),两组分别设缺血再灌注10、20、30、40、50、60、90 min观测点(每个观测点6只)。观测结束后,迅速切取提睾肌,放入电镜固定液。电镜下进行组织形态学观察。结果:健康对照组正常情况下,组成肌原纤维的粗、细2种肌丝沿其长轴排列,每条肌原纤维上均可见明暗相间的带,肌浆内见有较多糖原颗粒及少量内质网、线粒体等细胞器,肌浆网纵向分布于肌原纤维周围,线粒体膜及嵴清晰可见,基质着色深,无肿胀、空泡形成等改变,在肌丝之间分布有较多糖原颗粒;骨骼肌缺血再灌注后10、20、30、40、50、60、90 min的2组各观测点,其病理变化较相似,肌丝模糊、凌乱,部分溶解、消失,甚至完全消失,肌浆网不同程度扩张,线粒体变大变圆,基质变淡,嵴变短变少甚至消失,部分线粒体极度肿胀,呈空泡状。丹参组,其病理变化大体相似,肌纤维均有不同程度恢复。结论:骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤导致线粒体极度肿胀,肌纤维紊乱。丹参能有效地消除线粒体的水肿,恢复肌纤维,减轻骨骼肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

Microcystin-LR affects cytoskeleton and morphology of rabbit primary whole embryo cultured cells in vitro

Microcystin-LR is the most frequently studied cyclic heptapeptide produced by different genera of cyanobacteria and is hepatotoxic to livestock and human populations. The adverse effects of microcystin-LR on morphology and cytoskeletal elements in different stages of early embryonal development have been studied in vitro. Embryos and whole embryo cultures have been exposed to microcystin-LR (10–100 μM). Actin filaments were visualized by fluorescence staining and the microtubular network labelled by immunostaining. Growth, development and cytoskeleton organization of the embryos embedded in zona pellucida are not affected by microcystin-LR in concentrations up to 100 μM, while whole embryo cell cultures are affected by the presence of microcystin-LR in the culture medium. High microcystin-LR concentrations (100 μM) cause cells to be detached and destroyed, while lower concentrations (10–20 μM) profoundly affect actin and microtubule organization. These effects are confirmed also by the presence of transformed microcystin-LR in all the media at the lowest concentrations. It seems that the changes to the cells are far more serious than that expressed in cell morphology. From our experiments we conclude that the presence of zona pellucida is an effective way of embryo protection against xenobiotics like microcystin-LR.