国产长效皮下埋植剂和Norplant的药物体外释放比较

本文研究了国产18-甲基炔诺酮硅橡胶长效皮下埋植剂的药物体外释放,并与进口Norplant进行了比较。释放试验采用水平振荡法,实验条件符合“漏槽”状态的要求。用紫外分光光度法在240 nm波长处测定18-甲基炔诺酮每天的体外释放量。二年多体外释放试验的实验结果表明:国产埋植剂的药物体外释放无爆破效应,释药速度稳定,为零级速度。平均每天释放量为85μg。体外释放的重现性好。进口Norplant则有明显的爆破效应,经10天释放,才趋于稳定,平均每天释药量为68μg。     

甘木通的离体快繁

本研究初步建立快速培养甘木通组培苗的体系.以幼茎段为外植体,最适的诱导愈伤组织的培养基为MS NAA 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L(单位下同);不定芽诱导和增殖的培养基为MS NAA 0.05 6-BA 0.5,壮苗生根培养基为MS NAA 0.1.经炼苗后,组培苗移栽成活率达78%左右.     

精子正常形态率、顶体完整率、顶体反应率与卵子体外受精率的相关性研究

目的:通过检测常规体外受精中(in vitro fertilization IVF)精液常规分析正常男性的精子正常形态率、顶体完整率、顶体反应率并分析其与卵子的体外受精率之间的关系,旨在为辅助生殖技术提供几种可靠的判断精子生育力的参数与指标。方法:选择2008年7月1日到2009年12月30日间在广西医科大学第三附属医院生殖医疗中心进行控制性长方案超排卵下行常规IVF-ET的100对夫妻,共100个周期的资料做前瞻性分析,男方精液常规分析属正常范围,分析100份标本精子正常形态率、精子顶体完整率以及精子顶体反应率;观察并记录获卵个数、成熟卵个数、受精卵个数、未受精卵个数,计算其受精率。然后应用计量资料t检验,F检验以及线性相关等统计学方法对精子各项参数与卵子受精率之间的相关性进行分析。结果:实验组1,精液标本按其正常精子形态百分率分为3组,A组:≥5%而<10%、B组:≥10%而<15%、C组:≥15%,卵子体外受精率分别为67.05%、74.51%、82.49%,各组间两两相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组2,按顶体完整率分为两组,A组:≤85%组、B组:>85%组,卵子体外受精率分别为74.25%和82.14%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组3,按顶体反应率分为三组,A组:<14%、B组:≥14%而≤25%、C组:>25%,其卵子体外受精率分别为73.45%、77.19%、82.74%,各组间的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组4,按精子正常形态百分率分为两组<15%和>15%组,所对应的顶体完整率分别为79.51%、87.27%,两组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组5,用多重线性回归分析,精子正常形态率、顶体完整率、顶体反应率的标准化系数和P值分别为0.352、0.497、0.271;0.045、0.005、0.017,各个系数均有统计学意义。其中又以顶体完整率的标准化系数最大。结论:1.对于精液常规分析正常的男性,约有50%存在着不同程度的精子形态异常。卵子的受精率随正常形态精子所占百分率的升高而增高;其正常精子形态率≥5%,仍可得到一个较好的体外受精率,因此可行常规体外受精助孕。2.对于精液常规分析正常的男性,约有65%男性的精子顶体完整率>85%,随着精子顶体完整率的增加,卵子的受精率也明显增高;3.对于精液常规分析正常的男性,其78%男性精子顶体反应率≥14%,在体外受精中卵子的受精率随着精子顶体反应率所占百分比的增加而增高;4.上述三者都是影响卵子受精的重要因素,卵子体外受精率与以上三项指标间存在较强的相关关系,而其中又以顶体完整率对卵子体外受精率的影响程度最大。5.对于精液常规分析正常的男性,若正常精子形态率≥5%,在体外受精助孕前,精子顶体完整率和精子顶体反应率的检测,可不作为常规检查项目。     

人早孕期蜕膜基质细胞及蜕膜腺上皮细胞的分离培养方法

目的:建立一种经济、高效的人早孕期蜕膜基质细胞及蜕膜腺上皮细胞分离、培养方法.方法:胶原酶、胰酶联合消化蜕膜组织,网筛过滤、密度梯度离心及差速贴壁法纯化细胞;免疫细胞化学法鉴定细胞纯度;MTT增殖实验分析细胞体外增殖活力.结果:利用此法可成功体外培养蜕膜基质细胞及蜕膜腺上皮细胞,细胞纯度可达90％以上,并在体外呈现良好的生长状态.结论:此法经济、高效,能够同时获得纯度较高的蜕膜基质细胞及蜕膜腺上皮细胞.     

Efficacy of Random-start Controlled Ovarian Stimulation in Cancer Patients

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of random-start controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in cancer patients for emergency fertility preservation. In this retrospective comparative study, 22 patients diagnosed with cancer and 44 infertile women undergoing conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF) were included. In cancer patients, ovarian stimulation was started on the day of referral, irrespective of their menstrual cycle date. The control group was selected by age matching among women undergoing conventional IVF. COS outcomes were compared between groups. The number of total and mature oocytes retrieved and the oocyte maturity rate were higher in the random-start group than in the conventional-start group. However, duration of ovarian stimulation was longer in the random-start group (11.4 vs. 10.3 days, P = 0.004). The addition of letrozole to lower the estradiol level during COS did not adversely affect total oocytes retrieved. However, oocyte maturity rate was lower in cycles with letrozole than in cycles without letrozole (71.6% vs. 58.2%, P = 0.019). Our study confirms the feasibility and effectiveness of random-start COS in cancer patients.

Graphical Abstract

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Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels in the Follicular Fluid of the Preovulatory Follicle: A Predictor for Oocyte Fertilization and Quality of Embryo

This prospective study investigated the relationship between anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) level in the follicular fluid (FF) and the quality of the oocyte and embryo. A total of 65 FF samples from 54 women were included in this study. FF was collected from the largest preovulatory follicle sized≥20 mm of mean diameter from each ovary. Samples were divided into 3 groups according to the FF AMH levels: below the 33th percentile (low group, FF AMH<2.1 ng/mL, n=21), between the 33th and the 67th percentile (intermediate group, FF AMH=2.1-3.6 ng/mL, n=22), and above the 67th percentile (high group, FF AMH>3.6 ng/mL, n=22). The quality of the ensuing oocytes and embryos was evaluated by fertilization rate and embryo score. FF AMH levels correlated positively with the matched embryo score on day 3 after fertilization (r=0.331, P=0.015). The normal fertilization rate was significantly lower in the low group than in the intermediate group (61.9% vs. 95.5% vs. 77.3%, respectively, P=0.028). Our results suggest that the FF AMH level could be a predictor of the ensuing oocyte and embryo quality.

Graphical Abstract

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Bromocriptine prevents neuron damage following inhibition of superoxide dismutase in cultured ventral spinal cord neurons

Abstract

Rpsen et al. have reported point mutations in the cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD 1) gene in some families with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). To determine whether decreased SOD activity could contribute to neuronal damage, rat embryo ventral spinal cord neurons were incubated with diethyldithiocarbamate (DOC), an inhibitor of SOD. There was a marked increase in neuronal damage in cultures exposed to DOC and this phenomenon was dose-related. In this paradigm, these deteriorative changes were prevented by bromocriptine. DOC-treated ventral spinal cord neurons provide an in vitro model of free radical neurotoxicity secondary to decreased SOD activity. Simultaneous treatment with bromocriptine and DOC reduced neurotoxicity, indicating that bromocriptine has a neuroprotective effect against free radicals. [Neural Res 1997; 19: 389-392]     

低氧培养环境对高龄患者体外受精-胚胎移植结局的影响

目的：探讨低氧（5% O2）培养环境对高龄（≥38岁）患者体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF-ET）临床结局的影响。方法：回顾性分析2015年9月1日-2017年6月1日在广东省韶关市妇幼保健计划生育服务中心生殖医学中心采用常规长方案或拮抗剂方案行IVF治疗并于受精后第3天移植的高龄患者（≥38岁）的283个周期,按其培养环境不同分为低氧组（5% O2,共120个周期）和常氧组（20% O2,共163个周期）,比较2组间的正常受精率、卵裂率、可用胚胎率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、种植率及早期流产率等。结果：2组的正常受精率、卵裂率、可用胚胎率、生化妊娠率、临床妊娠率、种植率、早期流产率及活产率比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）,但低氧组的优质胚胎率显著高于常氧组（P＜0.05）。结论：低氧培养环境可有效提高高龄患者优质胚胎率,但并不能改善高龄患者的IVF-ET结局。     

人精子顶体反应检测临床应用价值探讨

[目的]检测Ca2 载体A23187诱导精子顶体反应(AR)率,探讨其临床应用价值。[方法]对51例患者检测A23187诱导精子AR率,分析其与精液常规分析、宫腔内人工授精(IUI)、体外受精(IVF)、单精子卵泡浆内注射(ICSI)结果的关系。[结果]①精液常规分析对诱导AR率的相关性不显著;②诱导AR率低于18.1%理论值时,IVF受精率理论值为0;③3次IUI失败者AR率较受精正常者降低(P<0.05)。④不明原因不育者精子AR率与IVF受精率、卵裂率关系呈正相关(r=0.89,P<0.05),与ICSI受精率、卵裂率无显著关系;用ICSI治疗,其受精率、妊娠率高于IVF治疗组。⑤IVF受精不良病例AR率低,用ICSI治疗后受精率、优质胚胎率升高(P<0.05)。[结论]Ca2 载体A23187诱导顶体反应能预测精子的受精能力,有助于男性不育的临床诊断与治疗。     

Gellan-based scleral implants of indomethacin: in vitro and in vivo evaluation

Film-type scleral implants of indomethacin with gellan gum were prepared by solvent casting and evaluated for uniformities of thickness, weight, drug content, and surface pH. The effect of plasticizers like glycerol, propylene glycol (PG), and polyethylene glycol 200, and 400 on the void volume of free gellan films (placebo) was calculated from the water content of the films. The drug release from the prepared implants was determined using a static dissolution set-up developed and optimized in our laboratory. Based on the results of the void volume and initial drug release studies, glycerol and PG were selected as the plasticizers for the gellan-based implants. The morphology of the drug-free films (containing 10% and 40% of PG) and the drug-loaded films (before and after dissolution and crosslinked) was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Further, the effect of plasticizer concentration, gellan concentration, effect of crosslinking technique, and duration of crosslinking using calcium chloride on in vitro drug release characteristics were evaluated. Selected batches of the implants were subjected to pharmacodynamic studies, after scleral placement, in uveitis-induced (intravitreal injection of bovine serum albumin 50 μg/ml) rabbit eyes. The release of indomethacin from the prepared implants followed matrix diffusion kinetics with diffusion co-efficient (n) values ranging between 0.358 to 0.708 and seemed to depend on both gellan and plasticizer concentration. Surface crosslinking with 10% calcium chloride for 8 hr retarded drug release (1.42 times less than noncrosslinked implant) and was optimum. The pharmacodynamic studies showed a marked improvement in the various clinical parameters (congestion, keratitis, flare, clot, aqueous cells, and synechias) in the implanted eye compared with the control eye in the rabbits. The scleral implants survived up to 3 weeks in vivo.